{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:12:38Z","timestamp":1792789958485,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effect of oral magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and metabolic biomarkers in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial with intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Adults (\u226518 years) with T2DM were randomized 1:1 to receive magnesium oxide (500 mg; 302 mg elemental) or placebo. Eligibility criteria included a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level \u22657.0% and a creatinine clearance &amp;gt;30 mL\/min. Simple randomization was performed using a sealed-envelope method. Biochemical and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and at three follow-up visits over 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 247 participants were included in the ITT analysis (Mg-oxide, n=118; placebo, n=129). Median age was 58 (50\u201365) years, and median diabetes duration was 16 (10\u201322) years. Hypomagnesemia was present in 7.3% by ionized magnesium (iMg) and 8.1% by total magnesium (tMg). Mg-oxide supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose in a subgroup of the cohort (FBG;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.039) and resulted in a modest, non-significant reduction in HbA1c (\u22120.30% vs. \u22120.05%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.145), with a higher proportion achieving goal attainment\/controlled HbA1c (&amp;lt;7%) compared with placebo (14.0% vs. 6.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.043). HbA1c reductions were more pronounced among participants with baseline hypomagnesemia (\u22120.60% vs. +0.25%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.074), or diabetes duration \u226415 years (\u22120.40% vs. 0.00%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.085). No differences were observed in other metabolic parameters, clinical outcomes or adverse drug reactions between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although median HbA1c reduction did not reach statistical significance, Mg-oxide supplementation improved Mg status and showed favorable trends in glycemic control without compromising safety. These findings support Mg supplementation as a safe adjunct to long-term T2DM management, particularly among selected subgroups, given the study\u2019s limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Ttrial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCTO5774015.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1883483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:21:00Z","timestamp":1784175660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juhaina Salim","family":"Al-Maqbali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University","place":["Muscat, Oman"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Al Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Farqani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneel","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al Futisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Al-Mamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Al-Zakwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University","place":["Muscat, Oman"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Za\u2019abi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University","place":["Muscat, Oman"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S006","article-title":"6. 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