{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1783919094451,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adropin is an energy homeostasis\u2013related peptide implicated in metabolic and vascular regulation, but its relationship with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum adropin and DKD and complemented the human findings with experimental validation in mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were drawn from a community-based cohort in Guankou Town, Xiamen, China (2013\u20132021). The index visit was defined as each participant\u2019s first health examination during 2013\u20132015. Cross-sectional associations with prevalent DKD were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Longitudinal associations with incident DKD were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and RCS. An STZ-induced DKD mouse model was used to assess adropin dynamics during disease progression and the effects of adropin administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 6,896 participants, higher serum adropin was inversely associated with prevalent DKD (adjusted OR per 1-unit increase 0.83 [95% CI 0.71\u20130.96]). Among participants free of DKD at baseline, 749 incident DKD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 6.09 years; higher baseline adropin was associated with lower incident DKD risk [adjusted HR per 1-unit increase 0.88 (0.85\u20130.91)]. RCS analyses suggested a largely linear cross-sectional association and a non-linear prospective association. In mice, serum adropin declined during DKD progression, and adropin treatment improved renal injury\u2013related indicators compared with untreated DKD controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum adropin was inversely associated with both prevalent and incident DKD in a community-based cohort, and experimental findings support a potential renoprotective role of adropin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1893876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T04:23:48Z","timestamp":1783916628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum adropin as a potential renoprotective factor in diabetic kidney disease: evidence from a Chinese elderly cohort and an experimental mouse model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfa","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiulan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Guankou Hospital","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.05.016","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: an overview of prevalence, risk factors, and biomarkers","volume":"9","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.10.003","article-title":"Diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease: state of the art and future perspective","volume":"8","author":"Persson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)00071-1","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in six regions of the world (ISN-KDDC): a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Ene-Iordache","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24674-0","article-title":"Epidemiological trend in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) burden in China from 1990 to 2021, and projections for 2041: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46857-7","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese rural residents: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-03953-3","article-title":"New insights in the treatment of DKD: recent advances and future prospects","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.10.011","article-title":"Identification of adropin as a secreted factor linking dietary macronutrient intake with energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.02.012","article-title":"Adropin treatment restores cardiac glucose oxidation in pre-diabetic obese mice","volume":"129","author":"Thapa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.01.005","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of adropin on glucose tolerance and substrate utilization in diet-induced obese mice with insulin resistance","volume":"4","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00385.2022","article-title":"Role of adropin in arterial stiffening associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"323","author":"Jurrissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.12.010","article-title":"A novel peptide adropin in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"453","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100299","article-title":"Adropin: a crucial regulator of cardiovascular health and metabolic balance","volume":"23","author":"Rooban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metab Open"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158318","article-title":"Adropin\u2019s role in energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2025.138150","article-title":"Changes in adropin levels in brain and peripheral tissues with aging","volume":"850","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2194","article-title":"Low circulating adropin concentrations with obesity and aging correlate with risk factors for metabolic disease and increase after gastric bypass surgery in humans","volume":"97","author":"Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ18-0060","article-title":"Serum adropin levels are decreased in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients and negatively correlated with body mass index","volume":"65","author":"Zang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101482","article-title":"Hepatic adropin is regulated by estrogen and contributes to adverse metabolic phenotypes in ovariectomized mice","volume":"60","author":"Stokar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6038261","article-title":"Association of serum adropin concentrations with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"2016","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-020-02568-x","article-title":"Pentraxin-3 and adropin as inflammatory markers of early renal damage in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000519173","article-title":"The clinical value of serum adropin level in early detection of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"46","author":"Es-haghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1511730","article-title":"Serum adropin levels as a potential biomarker for predicting diabetic kidney disease progression","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c06957","article-title":"Adropin carried by reactive oxygen species-responsive nanocapsules ameliorates renal lipid toxicity in diabetic mice","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210213","article-title":"Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"14","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2264","article-title":"HbA1c variability as an independent correlate of nephropathy, but not retinopathy, in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Penno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088956","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: A Saudi national diabetes registry-based study","volume":"9","author":"Al-Rubeaan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.006","article-title":"Serum lipoprotein(a) levels and diabetic nephropathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"30","author":"Senba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.18.9.606","article-title":"Streptozotocin diabetes in the mouse and Guinea pig","volume":"18","author":"Brosky","year":"1969","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.78","article-title":"Streptozotocin-induced diabetic models in mice and rats","volume":"1","author":"Furman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Protoc"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.1426-1429","article-title":"Optimal therapeutic adropin dose intervention in mice and rat animal models: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Alzoughool","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0388","article-title":"Regulation of substrate oxidation preferences in muscle by the peptide hormone adropin","volume":"63","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01327-0","article-title":"Circulating levels of adropin and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"23","author":"Soltani","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/bll_2016_020","article-title":"Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of adropinin streoptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"117","author":"Akcilar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2022.18.2.102","article-title":"Non-albuminuric diabetic kidney disease phenotype: beyond albuminuria","volume":"18","author":"D\u2019Marco","year":"2022","journal-title":"TouchREVIEWS Endocrinol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-020-01881-0","article-title":"Nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01504-1","article-title":"Laboratory and clinical findings in mouse models of diabetic nephropathy induced with streptozotocin","volume":"23","author":"Wahono","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15018","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.18","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease","volume":"1","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-75239-1_3","article-title":"Streptozotocin interactions with pancreatic beta cells and the induction of insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"156","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1893876\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T04:23:48Z","timestamp":1783916628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1893876\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1893876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1893876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"article-number":"1893876"}}