{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:48:51Z","timestamp":1786121331129,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction and inflammation may jointly contribute to coronary microvascular injury and adverse outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We examined the independent and combined associations of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and inflammatory burden index (IBI) with angiographic microvascular resistance (AMR)-defined coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), their incremental value beyond conventional factors, and their associations with 12-month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center, 318 STEMI patients who underwent PPCI and achieved a TIMI grade 3 flow post-procedure were enrolled. AMR was derived from the final post-PPCI angiogram of the culprit vessel, and CMD was defined as AMR &amp;gt;26.6 mmHg\u00b7s\/dm. Multivariable models assessed associations with CMD and MACE. Sequential models evaluated the incremental performance of TyG and IBI with 1,000-resample bootstrap internal validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CMD was present in 102\/318 (32.1%). TyG (OR per 1-unit, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.04\u20137.21; P&amp;lt;0.001) and IBI (OR per 10-units, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07\u20131.20; P&amp;lt;0.001) were independently associated with CMD. The TyG\u2013IBI model showed an AUC of 0.773 for CMD; adding both to a clinical\/procedural model improved the AUC from 0.904 to 0.939 (bootstrap-validated, 0.920; \u0394AUC, 0.036; P\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Over 12 months, 69 (21.7%) patients had MACE. TyG (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.30\u20132.98; P\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and IBI (HR per 10-units, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00\u20131.05; P\u00a0=\u00a00.022) remained independent predictors of MACE, with the highest risk in those with both markers elevated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TyG and IBI were independently associated with AMR-defined CMD and 12-month MACE after STEMI. Adding TyG and IBI to conventional clinical and procedural factors improved model discrimination for CMD, although prospective multicenter validation is required before clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1900132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:22:01Z","timestamp":1786076521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of the TyG index and inflammatory burden index with AMR-defined coronary microvascular dysfunction and 12-month MACE after STEMI"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People\u2019s Hospital of Hefei)","place":["Hefei, Anhui, 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China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People\u2019s Hospital of Hefei)","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0090-3","article-title":"ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"5","author":"Vogel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv484","article-title":"Coronary microvascular obstruction in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"37","author":"Niccoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart 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