{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:46:16Z","timestamp":1785753976629,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder of pregnancy that carries immediate and long-term health risks for both mothers and their offspring. Emerging evidence implicates maternal gut microbiota dysbiosis as a critical contributor to the onset and progression of GDM, primarily through the induction of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the compositional shifts in the maternal gut microbiota\u2014including depletion of short-chain fatty acid\u2013producing taxa such as\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and enrichment of pro-inflammatory genera\u2014and examines how these changes compromise intestinal barrier integrity, promote microbial metabolite translocation, and subsequently activate innate immune pathways. The resultant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines directly impairs insulin signaling, exacerbating insulin resistance and fueling a vicious cycle between dysbiosis and metabolic deterioration. Beyond the peripartum period, this review highlights the emerging concept of transgenerational programming, whereby maternal GDM-associated dysbiosis and inflammation may shape the offspring\u2019s microbiome, immune set-point, and metabolic trajectory, predisposing them to later-life metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we critically evaluate current microbiota-targeted interventions, including probiotics, synbiotics, and dietary modifications, and discuss the sources of heterogeneity in clinical trial outcomes. By integrating these mechanistic and translational insights, this review proposes a conceptual framework for early risk stratification and personalized management of GDM, emphasizing that effective clinical translation requires moving beyond one-size-fits-all probiotic trials toward stratified, microbiome-guided strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1902704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:09:57Z","timestamp":1785751797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The bidirectional gut microbiota-inflammation axis in gestational diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis, long-term outcomes, and therapeutic perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital Graduate Joint Training Base, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yankun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine JiangHan University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00188","article-title":"Gut microbiota and gestational diabetes mellitus: A review of host-gut microbiota interactions and their therapeutic potential","volume":"10","author":"Hasain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040633","article-title":"Gestational diabetes and the gut microbiota: Fibre and polyphenol supplementation as a therapeutic 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