{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:52:07Z","timestamp":1791348727744,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Azoospermia affects up to one in ten infertile couples and represents one of the most challenging conditions in male infertility. Although the development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) enables azoospermic men to achieve biological parenthood, overall success rates remain modest. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is increasingly promoted and used worldwide to improve pregnancy outcomes and enhance the efficiency of ICSI; however, its efficacy for couples with azoospermia remains uncertain. Robust evidence from adequately powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is still lacking to determine whether PGT-A can increase the live birth rate as the primary outcome in this context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial is designed as a prospective, multicenter, open-label RCT. Couples with azoospermia (female age 20\u201337 years; male age 20\u201355 years) who intend to undergo ICSI with partner\u2019s sperm will be screened for eligibility. Women who have at least two blastocysts available on day 5 of embryo culture will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either PGT-A or conventional ICSI. A freeze-all strategy with single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer will be implemented in both groups. The primary outcome is live birth rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this trial are expected to provide high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy of PGT-A for couples with azoospermia, helping optimize individualized patient management and improve overall treatment efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier ChiCTR2100043421.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1903245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:47:14Z","timestamp":1791348434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in improving pregnancy outcome among couples with azoospermia: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No 2021RU001)","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(sup01)03","article-title":"The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia","volume":"68","author":"Cocuzza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_53_21","article-title":"Severe male factor in in vitro fertilization: definition, prevalence, and treatment. 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