{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:54:52Z","timestamp":1790772892900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prediabetes is an independent risk factor for diabetes complications and all-cause mortality. Non-pharmacological therapies of traditional Chinese medicine (NPTTCM) offer promising alternatives for prediabetes, yet their comparative efficacy remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of 6 NPTTCM (acupuncture, acupoint catgut embedding (ACE), Baduanjin, electroacupuncture, massage and Taiji) in prediabetes intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The network meta-analyses were performed to estimate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank NPTTCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-one RCTs (4,129 participants) were included. Massage, electroacupuncture, Baduanjin and acupuncture significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared with lifestyle interventions. Massage (SUCRA: 99.3%) was the most effective in FPG reduction, followed by electroacupuncture, Baduanjin, acupuncture. All therapies significantly improved 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), among them, massage (SUCRA: 94.1%) was the best, followed by electroacupuncture, Taiji, acupuncture, Baduanjin and ACE. Acupuncture (SUCRA: 81.8%) was the only intervention that significantly reduced HbA1c. Furthermore, electroacupuncture, massage and acupuncture significantly reduced body mass index (BMI), with electroacupuncture (SUCRA: 98.8%) the best, followed by massage and acupuncture. Electroacupuncture and Baduanjin significantly reduced total cholesterol, with electroacupuncture (SUCRA: 79.7%) the best, Baduanjin the second. ACE and Baduanjin significantly reduced triglycerides, with ACE (SUCRA: 74.9%) the best, Baduanjin the second.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NPTTCM may provide potential benefits for improving metabolic outcomes in prediabetes. Massage showed a favorable ranking for reducing FPG and 2hPG, while acupuncture showed a favorable ranking for HbA1c reduction. Electroacupuncture and ACE showed potential benefits for BMI and lipid management. However, given the limitations, these results should be interpreted with caution. Future head-to-head and rigorously designed studies are needed to provide further evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=1129592<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420251129592.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1907358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:27:30Z","timestamp":1787804850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-pharmacological therapies of traditional Chinese medicine in prediabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ximing","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianzuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and 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