{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:26:12Z","timestamp":1792297572760,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anticipated menopause is a disquieting health problem; its association with autoimmune disorders has been reported. However, data about the presence of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause (EM) framed in thyroid-related poly-autoimmunity are rather scanty. In this view, we described the presence of a precocious menopause in a large cohort of women with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) isolated or framed in poly-autoimmune syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The characteristics of 7,690 postmenopausal women has been evaluated in a tertiary center for thyroid diseases. To be included, women must have been menopausal for at least 3 years without any menstrual bleeding. Three subgroups were examined and compared: women with nonautoimmune endocrinopathies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05,697; group A), representing an internal control, or with isolated ATD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1,689; group B) or with thyroid-related poly-autoimmunity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 304; group C).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the whole sample, 213 (2.77%) women experienced unexplained precocious menopause, 115 (1.50%) showed spontaneous premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), and 98 (1.27%) experienced early menopause (EM). The prevalence of POI was higher in women with thyroid\u2013related poly-autoimmunity (group C) than in group B and A (5.92 vs. 1.84 vs. 1.16%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001). A spontaneous miscarriage was observed in 52\/213 women (24.4%) with precocious menopause (EM + POI), being significantly higher in women with poly-autoimmunity (3.61% vs. 0.53%, 0.71%) than those in groups A and B, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001). Univariate analysis revealed that familiarity was the more relevant independent variable associated with POI in poly-autoimmunity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data strongly suggest that young women with thyroid-related poly-autoimmunity, born to a family with thyroid-related poly-autoimmunity, should have their ovarian reserve checked early to guide fertility preservation and family planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1907480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:26:01Z","timestamp":1788758761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Premature ovarian insufficiency in patients with thyroid-related poly-autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maria Flavia","family":"Bagaglini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Latina","place":["Latina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Stramazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Latina","place":["Latina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Nocito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poupak","family":"Fallahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa","place":["Pisa, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa","place":["Pisa, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Santaguida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Latina","place":["Latina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Gargano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Latina","place":["Latina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enke","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Ulisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Carretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Centanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Virili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Latina","place":["Latina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3960","article-title":"Premature ovarian insufficiency: phenotypic characterization within different etiologies","volume":"102","author":"Jiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol 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