{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1790057125893,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005283","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence on glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in lipodystrophies is limited. We evaluated the effects of liraglutide on metabolic control and satiety in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case series, patients with CGL received liraglutide 1.8 mg\/day for 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters, satiety, and body composition were assessed at baseline, week 12, and after a 12-week post-treatment follow-up (week 24). Liver imaging was performed at baseline and week 12.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight patients were enrolled (aged 24\u201345 years; 75% female), and three discontinued treatment due to gastrointestinal adverse events during the dose-escalation phase. Among the five participants who completed the 12-week intervention, liraglutide significantly reduced HbA1c (median change, \u22122.5%; p=0.012) and total daily insulin dose (\u221220%; p=0.042), whereas the reduction in triglyceride levels was not statistically significant. Twelve weeks after liraglutide discontinuation, median HbA1c and body weight increased by 2.2% (p=0.026) and 3.7% (p=0.001), respectively. Triglyceride levels increased in 80% of participants, with a median increase of 421.5 mg\/dL (p=0.334). Insulin requirements also increased overall: one participant resumed insulin therapy, while the remaining participants increased their insulin dose by a median of 22% (p=0.024).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first study of liraglutide in CGL provides an exploratory signal of improved glycemic control and reduced insulin requirements, but treatment tolerability remains a limitation. Larger, controlled, and longer-term studies are needed to confirm these effects and assess potential benefits on satiety, body composition, and liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1912138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:41:15Z","timestamp":1790055675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liraglutide use in congenital generalized lipodystrophy: glycemic and metabolic outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica S.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital, Federal University of Cear\u00e1\/Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia P.","family":"Boris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital, Federal University of Cear\u00e1\/Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bia Karine de M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital, Federal University of Cear\u00e1\/Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Flor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital, Federal University of Cear\u00e1\/Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz Marjorie B.F.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital, Federal University of Cear\u00e1\/Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana L\u00edvia P.","family":"Linard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital, Federal University of Cear\u00e1\/Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella C.","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital, Federal University of Cear\u00e1\/Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares - Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janio Emanuel A.","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Laboratory \u2013 Prof. PhD. Eurico Litton Pinheiro de Freitas, Federal University of Cear\u00e1","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Sandrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Western Paran\u00e1","place":["Cascavel, PR, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virg\u00ednia O.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO)","place":["Fortaleza, CE, 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