{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:59:22Z","timestamp":1790765962832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current knowledge regarding fertility preservation (FP) in girls is derived predominantly from pediatric oncology cohorts; however, FP is increasingly being applied to non-oncological conditions associated with impaired fertility, including differences of sex development (DSD). Turner syndrome (TS), characterized by accelerated germ cell depletion beginning during fetal life, represents the DSD condition with the greatest clinical experience in FP. This mini-review summarizes current evidence on ovarian tissue cryopreservation and oocyte cryopreservation in TS. Available data support the technical feasibility and general procedural safety of both approaches. A 46,XX cell line, spontaneous pubertal development, detectable AMH, and lower FSH concentrations are frequently associated with follicle detection or successful oocyte retrieval. However, evidence regarding utilization, pregnancy, and live birth remains very limited, and the reproductive effectiveness of FP in TS has not yet been established. Moreover, future cardiovascular eligibility for pregnancy and associated obstetric risks should be considered when counseling patients and families. Until long-term outcome data become available, individualized patient selection and multidisciplinary counseling are essential to provide realistic expectations regarding the potential benefits, limitations, and uncertainties of FP. Experience in TS may also inform reproductive care in other DSD conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1918808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:09:08Z","timestamp":1790762948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fertility preservation in girls and adolescents with Turner syndrome: lessons for reproductive care in differences of sex development -\u00a0a mini-review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zofia","family":"Kolesi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Obara-Moszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Niedziela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Kapczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecology, Unit of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des338","article-title":"Best practices of ASRM and ESHRE: A journey through reproductive medicine","volume":"27","author":"Gianaroli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.08.012","article-title":"Fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic therapy or gonadectomy: A committee opinion","volume":"100","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.09.013","article-title":"Fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic therapy or gonadectomy: a committee opinion","volume":"112","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.03.008","article-title":"Transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a series of 285 women: a review of five leading European centers","volume":"115","author":"Dolmans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.050","article-title":"Importance of patient selection to analyze in vitro fertilization outcome with transplanted cryopreserved ovarian tissue","volume":"114","author":"Dolmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertility Sterility"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.12.011","article-title":"Number of ovarian follicles in human fetuses with the 45,X karyotype","volume":"81","author":"Reynaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0238-y","article-title":"Addressing gaps in care of people with conditions affecting sex development and maturation","volume":"15","author":"Hiort","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.08.013","article-title":"Fertility outcome and information on fertility issues in individuals with different forms of disorders of sex development: findings from the dsd-LIFE study","volume":"108","author":"S\u0142owikowska-Hilczer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0534-8","article-title":"Current models of care for disorders of sex development - 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