{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:26:40Z","timestamp":1787030800686,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011844","name":"Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZ2025113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ2025113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between low-to-moderate arsenic exposure and lipid metabolism remains unclear, particularly for different urinary arsenic species and the potential role of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study used NHANES 2009\u20132020 data and an adult population from Zhaodong, China. The NHANES analysis included 2,104 participants, representing 52,612,536 adults, and the Zhaodong analysis included 310 participants. Creatinine-adjusted urinary total arsenic (UTA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were designated as the principal exposure indicators, whereas monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), arsenite (As\n                      <jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and arsenate (As\n                      <jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were evaluated in supplementary exploratory analyses. Triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and UACR were examined as outcomes. Multivariable regression, restricted cubic spline, subgroup, and mediation analyses were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median UTA concentrations were 3.73 \u03bcg\/L in NHANES and 12.37 \u03bcg\/L in the Zhaodong population. In NHANES, after multivariable adjustment, UTA and DMA were positively associated with LDL-C levels, with \u03b2 values of 0.68 and 0.85, respectively, and both associations remained significant after FDR correction (\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.1). Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed a nonlinear association between DMA and LDL-C. In the Zhaodong population, the highest quartile of DMA was associated with lower odds of abnormal LDL-C compared with the lowest quartile. In NHANES, both UTA and DMA were positively associated with UACR. Mediation analyses did not support a meaningful mediating role of UACR, although small negative indirect effects were observed in the LDL-C models involving UTA and DMA. Supplementary exploratory analyses involving MMA, As\n                      <jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and As\n                      <jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>\n                      yielded several nominal associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-to-moderate urinary arsenic exposure may be associated with altered LDL-C levels and increased UACR, with species- and population-specific differences. The mediation analyses did not support a meaningful mediating role of UACR. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1919240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:41Z","timestamp":1787027321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arsenic species and lipid metabolism under low-to-moderate arsenic exposure: evidence from NHANES and a Chinese adult population"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, 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