{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:01:01Z","timestamp":1790226061683,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the diagnostic value of a multimodal prediction model integrating thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), the Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS), and BRAF V600E mutation status, for evaluating the malignancy risk in Bethesda Category III thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively enrolled 93 patients whose thyroid nodules were diagnosed as Bethesda Category III via fine-needle aspiration and subsequently underwent surgical treatment at Northern Jiangsu People\u2019s Hospital between July 2020 and June 2025. Preoperative TgAb levels, TPOAb levels, C-TIRADS classification, and BRAF V600E mutation status data were collected. A malignancy risk prediction model was constructed using Firth\u2019s penalized likelihood logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of individual indicators and the combined model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A nomogram was developed for individualized risk prediction, and the model was internally validated using bootstrap resampling (1000 iterations), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess the clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 93 Bethesda III thyroid nodules, 84 (90.32%) were malignant. Among the individual predictors, BRAF V600E exhibited the highest diagnostic performance (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.736, 95% CI: 0.589\u20130.884). Compared with individual modalities, the combined multimodal model demonstrated a significantly improved diagnostic trend, with an AUC of 0.821 (95% CI: 0.653\u20130.989).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a surgically enriched, high-risk cohort of patients with Bethesda III thyroid nodules, the multimodal model integrating TgAb, TPOAb, C-TIRADS, and BRAF V600E testing provides excellent auxiliary diagnostic value and can effectively guide preoperative risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1919450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:32:34Z","timestamp":1790224354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A malignancy risk prediction model for Bethesda category III thyroid nodules based on serological indicators, C-TIRADS, and BRAF V600E testing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology,Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Jin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound,Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang Shuang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology,Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory,Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-01025-4","article-title":"Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management","volume":"20","author":"Grani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2022.103589","article-title":"Investigating the possible association between thyroid nodule location and the Malignancy risk of the nodules in FNA samples","volume":"43","author":"Baradaranfar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J 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