{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:09:14Z","timestamp":1788930554535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is a global health challenge, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered a potential intervention; however, its long-term ecological impact remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this 182-day longitudinal cohort of adolescents with obesity (378 samples), metagenomic sequencing was used to assess FMT-induced remodeling of the multi-kingdom gut ecosystem through species composition, diversity, microbial networks, and machine learning analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FMT induced only transient shifts in community structure, with limited donor strain engraftment and strong resilience of recipient core taxa. Bacteria were the primary responders, the virome showed short-term perturbation, and network restoration was partial and donor-dependent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FMT exerts limited, donor-dependent ecological effects in obese adolescents. Optimizing donor selection and personalized matching may be essential for improving long-term efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1927870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:43:25Z","timestamp":1788929005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fecal microbiota transplantation in adolescents with obesity induces limited and donor-dependent remodeling of the gut microbiome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xinchao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puensum Genetech Institute","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puensum Genetech Institute","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guorui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puensum Genetech Institute","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiulong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbiome Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puensum Genetech Institute","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12010","article-title":"An overview of microbiome based strategies on anti-obesity","volume":"35","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.590370","article-title":"Microbiota transplant in the treatment of obesity and diabetes: Current and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Napolitano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218143","article-title":"Effects from diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity can be ameliorated by fecal microbiota transplantation: A multiomics approach","volume":"14","author":"Guirro","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1635","article-title":"Association of adolescent obesity with risk of severe obesity in adulthood","volume":"304","author":"The","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01748-6","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer after faecal microbiota transplantation in adolescents with obesity","volume":"12","author":"Behling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13495","article-title":"Antibiotics, gut microbiome and obesity","volume":"88","author":"Leong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2014-1108","article-title":"Minireview: Gut microbiota: The neglected endocrine organ","volume":"28","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33893-y","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation confers beneficial metabolic effects of diet and exercise on diet-induced obese mice","volume":"8","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101483","article-title":"Faecal microbiota transplantation in endocrine diseases and obesity","volume":"35","author":"Fuhri Snethlage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081871","article-title":"The role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the management of metabolic diseases in humans: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Zikou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241214","article-title":"Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice","volume":"341","author":"Ridaura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.009","article-title":"Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty induce long-term changes on the human gut microbiome contributing to fat mass regulation","volume":"22","author":"Tremaroli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319322","article-title":"Gut microbiota of obese subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to metabolic health","volume":"69","author":"Olsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00471.2017","article-title":"Fecal transplant from resveratrol-fed donors improves glycaemia and cardiovascular features of the metabolic syndrome in mice","volume":"315","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.151","article-title":"Environmental spread of microbes impacts the development of metabolic phenotypes in mice transplanted with microbial communities from humans","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.031","article-title":"Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Vrieze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01399-2","article-title":"Fecal microbial transplantation and fiber supplementation in patients with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"27","author":"Mocanu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.008","article-title":"Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome is driven by baseline intestinal microbiota composition","volume":"26","author":"Kootte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318320","article-title":"Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time","volume":"69","author":"de Groot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000661","article-title":"Allogenic fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease improves abnormal small intestinal permeability: A randomized control trial","volume":"115","author":"Craven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003051","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation for the improvement of metabolism in obesity: The FMT-TRIM double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-020-00265-z","article-title":"Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation with capsules on the prevention of metabolic syndrome among patients with obesity","volume":"20","author":"Allegretti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.30415","article-title":"Effects of fecal microbiome transfer in adolescents with obesity: The gut bugs randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Leong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7786","DOI":"10.52843\/cassyni.3jzg7z","article-title":"Long-term health outcomes in adolescents with obesity treated with faecal microbiota transplantation: 4-year follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01060-7","article-title":"Strain engraftment competition and functional augmentation in a multi-donor fecal microbiota transplantation trial for obesity","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01833-w","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation alters gut phage communities in a clinical trial for obesity","volume":"12","author":"Zuppi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: An ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"BBTools: a suite of fast, multithreaded bioinformatics tools designed for analysis of DNA and RNA sequence data","author":"Bushnell","year":"2018"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0","article-title":"Improved metagenomic analysis with kraken 2","volume":"20","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.104","article-title":"Bracken: Estimating species abundance in metagenomics data","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2025"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009442","article-title":"Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies","volume":"17","author":"Mallick","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS Comput Biol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02228.x","article-title":"VEGAN, a package of R functions for community ecology","volume":"14","author":"Dixon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Veg Sci"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.716299","article-title":"Mechanism of the gut microbiota colonization resistance and enteric pathogen infection","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220803","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-0803","article-title":"Gut microbiota changes associated with low-carbohydrate diet intervention for obesity","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12109-9","article-title":"Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women","volume":"7","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020438","article-title":"Gut microbiota and predicted metabolic pathways in a sample of Mexican women affected by obesity and obesity plus metabolic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Carbajal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28126-1","article-title":"A taxonomic signature of obesity in a large study of American adults","volume":"8","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084689","article-title":"A taxonomic signature of obesity in the microbiome? Getting to the guts of the matter","volume":"9","author":"Finucane","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20466","article-title":"Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity","volume":"21","author":"Verdam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1831-z","article-title":"Gut microbiome composition in the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos is shaped by geographic relocation, environmental factors, and obesity","volume":"20","author":"Kaplan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2015.3","article-title":"Comparison of the gut microbiota of people in France and Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Yasir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.07.004","article-title":"Obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes show different gut microbial functional capacity and composition","volume":"26","author":"Thingholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0330-2","article-title":"Comparison of the gut microbiota composition between obese and non-obese individuals in a Japanese population, as analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and next-generation sequencing","volume":"15","author":"Kasai","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00002","article-title":"The super-donor phenomenon in fecal microbiota transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255446","article-title":"Characteristics of gut microbiota in people with obesity","volume":"16","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102291","article-title":"Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation on obesity and metabolic syndrome\u2014a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75162-x","article-title":"The trans-kingdom battle between donor and recipient gut microbiome influences fecal microbiota transplantation outcome","volume":"10","author":"Kazemian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8122012","article-title":"The presence of bacteriophages in the human body: Good, bad or neutral","volume":"8","author":"\u0141usiak-Szelachowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1586037","article-title":"The success of fecal microbial transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection correlates with bacteriophage relative abundance in the donor: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113728","article-title":"Bacteriophages, gut bacteria, and microbial pathways interplay in cardiometabolic health","volume":"43","author":"Kirk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321747","article-title":"Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health","volume":"70","author":"Fassarella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35230-9","article-title":"Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women","volume":"8","author":"Dugas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-01989-7","article-title":"Gut commensal Phascolarctobacterium faecium retunes innate immunity to mitigate obesity and metabolic disease in mice","volume":"10","author":"Li\u00e9bana-Garc\u00eda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181693","article-title":"Intestinal Ralstonia pickettii augments glucose intolerance in obesity","volume":"12","author":"Udayappan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60180-y","article-title":"Bacterial microcompartments and energy metabolism drive gut colonization by Bilophila wadsworthia","volume":"16","author":"Sayavedra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010662","article-title":"Identification of muscle strength-related gut microbes through human fecal microbiome transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Ahn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10068-3048","article-title":"Does over-colonization of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the gut cause obesity","volume":"11","author":"Nath","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastrointestinal Infections"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1927870\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:43:37Z","timestamp":1788929017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1927870\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2026.1927870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2026.1927870","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"article-number":"1927870"}}