{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:38Z","timestamp":1790057138715,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves peak oxygen uptake (VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak) and body composition in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, improvement in VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak is not observed in all patients following a CR program, and whether VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak non-responders also demonstrate limited changes in body composition remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between changes in VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak and body composition in patients undergoing a CR program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective analysis of patients who completed CR between 2015 and 2022 at Mayo Clinic. The study included 143 patients who completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry pre- and post-CR. Patients were grouped by the change in relative VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak response to CR (responders= \u0394&amp;gt;0 vs non-responders=\u0394 \u22640 mL\/kg\/min). Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare groups, and regression models were used to examine the associations between baseline body composition and changes in body composition with VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak change.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the cohort, 26% were classified as non-responders based on relative VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak measurements. Both groups exhibited a significant improvement in most body composition variables including body fat mass, body fat percentage, body lean percentage, and fat mass index (all p&amp;lt;0.001), with no differences in the percentage of change in body composition variables between groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). Regression models demonstrated that neither baseline body composition nor changes in body composition were significantly associated with changes in VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data suggest that baseline and change in body composition were not significantly associated with changes in VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak in patients undergoing the CR program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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