{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:21:43Z","timestamp":1787736103235,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although sex is a critical biological variable determining physiology, disease risk and therapeutic responses, it remains underrepresented in biomedical research. While sex-dependent differences are well established in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, their impact on glucagon biology is less understood. Glucagon is the key counter-regulatory hormone to insulin and plays a central role in glucose homeostasis by regulating hepatic glucose production. To date, only a limited number of studies have addressed sex-specific differences in glucagon plasma levels, secretion and \u03b1-cell function, indicating that females tend to exhibit a higher glucagon secretion. For the first time, this review summarizes the current literature on glucagon biology suggesting a sex-biased regulation of \u03b1-cell activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1936339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:48:00Z","timestamp":1787734080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-specific differences in pancreatic \u03b1-cell function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ampofo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, PharmaScienceHub (PSH), Saarland University","place":["Homburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), Saarland University","place":["Homburg, 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