{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:08:00Z","timestamp":1789967280123,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic foot (DF) is a severe chronic complication of diabetes, associated with high amputation risk and mortality. Conventional nursing often neglects patients\u2019 psychological needs and long-term self-management, limiting comprehensive rehabilitation. Interactive nursing has shown promise in chronic disease care, yet systematic evaluations of its multidimensional effects remain scarce. This study assessed a three-subject, dual-track, interactive care (TSDTIC) model on wound healing, psychological state, and quality of life in DF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 150 hospitalized DF patients (June 2021 \u2013 June 2024). Patients were assigned to groups based on the nursing care model implemented during their admission period: the RC group (n=84) comprised patients admitted between June 2021 and December 2022, and the TSDTIC group (n=66) comprised patients admitted between January 2023 and June 2024. The TSDTIC model was introduced as a structured quality improvement program in January 2023; therefore, group assignment was sequential rather than randomized. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between groups (all P &amp;gt; 0.05), and ANCOVA with baseline values as covariates was performed for continuous outcomes. Outcomes included wound improvement rate (based on area reduction), fasting and postprandial glucose, Hamilton Anxiety\/Depression Scale (HAMA\/HAMD) scores, SF-36 quality-of-life scores, and nursing satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TSDTIC group showed significantly higher wound improvement rate (95.45% vs. 82.14%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.013). Post-intervention, fasting (6.29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.05 vs. 7.94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.82 mmol\/L, P&amp;lt;0.001) and postprandial glucose (8.92\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.29 vs. 10.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.41 mmol\/L, P&amp;lt;0.001) were markedly lower in TSDTIC. HAMA (7.21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.13 vs. 10.02\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.06) and HAMD (6.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.06 vs. 10.26\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.14) scores significantly improved (both P&amp;lt;0.001). All eight SF-36 dimensions were higher in TSDTIC (all P&amp;lt;0.001 after Bonferroni correction). Satisfaction rate was higher in TSDTIC (95.45% vs. 73.81%, P&amp;lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TSDTIC model was associated with improvements in short-term wound healing, glycemic control, mental health, and quality of life in DF patients. However, given the historical control design and lack of long-term outcomes, findings should be interpreted cautiously; prospective randomized trials are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1956826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:28:51Z","timestamp":1789964931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of a three-subject, dual-track, interactive care model on hospitalized patients with diabetic foot"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan 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