{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:08:34Z","timestamp":1791644914241,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Fungal Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida (Candidozyma) auris<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> are frequently found in hospital environments and on medical equipment, where they commonly colonize and infect hospitalized patients, contributing to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Although they share similar ecological niches and may interact, the mechanisms underlying their interspecies communication remain largely unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> interaction between planktonic cells of <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> through co-culture experiments in various growth media, with or without iron supplementation. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to assess yeast viability, and the effect of lyophilized, cell-free <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> supernatants on <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> significantly inhibited the growth of <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>, regardless of the initial microbial concentrations. Growth suppression began after 8 hours of co-culture and persisted for up to 72 hours. Fluorescence microscopy suggested that this antagonistic effect was predominantly fungistatic, as most <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> cells remained viable in the presence of the bacterium. The inhibitory effect was consistent across different culture media, and iron supplementation partially restored <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> growth. Similarly, concentrated cell-free supernatants from <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> inhibited <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>, further supporting the role of secreted molecules. In this case as well, iron addition partially reversed the inhibitory effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> produces and secretes molecules with fungistatic activity against <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>, and that this effect is at least partially modulated by iron availability. This discovery provides a foundation for future research into the identity and mechanisms of action of these secreted compounds, as well as the broader clinical implications of microbial interactions during co-colonization or co-infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2025.1613244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:57:37Z","timestamp":1752137857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Candida auris"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ana Beatriz N.","family":"Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele de Figuer\u00eado","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony G. 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