{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T14:13:10Z","timestamp":1769263990147,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Fungal Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Given the growing recognition of\n                      <jats:italic>Fomitopsis betulina<\/jats:italic>\n                      for its bioactive potential, the influence of cultivation parameters on its mycelial development, metabolite production in submerged culture, and associated antioxidant activity remains insufficiently explored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the effects of various cultivation parameters on biomass accumulation, total phenolic content (TPC), and free radical scavenging activity, assessed using the Folin\u2013Ciocalteu and DPPH assays respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among solvents tested, methanol and 70% ethanol were most effective for phenolic extraction, yielding 20.54\u00b10.11 and 19.39\u00b10.14mg GAE\/g, respectively, while some solvents demonstrated strong DPPH inhibition (\u226590%). A cultivation at 25\u00b0C supported optimal biomass accumulation (5.23\u00b10.10g\/L), phenolic compound total yield (101.10mg GAE\/L), and antioxidant activity (91.66\u00b10.40%). Static cultivation conditions promoted surface mycelial growth and resulted in the highest biomass yield (5.28\u00b10.15g\/L), strong DPPH inhibition (\u226590%), and phenolic synthesis (101.75mg GAE\/L). Among carbon sources, maltose favored biomass formation, whereas xylose led to the highest DPPH inhibition (89.68\u00b10.91%) and TPC (16.08\u00b10.06mg GAE\/g; total yield: 15.92mg GAE\/L). Of the nitrogen sources evaluated, ammonium sulfate supported the greatest biomass accumulation (2.64\u00b10.21g\/L), while ammonium nitrate enhanced antioxidant activity (80.54\u00b13.10%). Although urea produced the highest TPC per gram of dry biomass (11.32\u00b10.05mg GAE\/g), ammonium sulfate resulted in the highest phenolic total yield (18.43mg GAE\/L). An initial medium pH of 6.0 was identified as optimal for maximizing biomass growth, phenolic compound production, and antioxidant capacity. The cultivation parameters were ranked in order of influence as: temperature &amp;gt; duration of static cultivation &amp;gt; pH &amp;gt; duration of agitation &amp;gt; carbon source &amp;gt; nitrogen source. These findings provide a foundation for the targeted optimization of cultivation conditions to enhance biomass production, phenolic compound accumulation, and antioxidant activity in\n                      <jats:italic>F. betulina<\/jats:italic>\n                      (GenBank accession: PQ184655). The results contribute to the broader understanding of fungal secondary metabolite production and support future applications in biotechnology and functional food development. .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2026.1735209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:47:28Z","timestamp":1769150848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Free radical inhibition and total phenolic content in Fomitopsis betulina mycelium extract under different cultivation conditions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tetiana","family":"Zaichenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine","place":["Kyiv, Ukraine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Barshteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine","place":["Kyiv, Ukraine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Sevindik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Osmaniye Korkut Ata","place":["Osmaniye, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetiana","family":"Krupodorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine","place":["Kyiv, Ukraine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparative study on endopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharides production from some basidiomycetes with studying the antioxidant and anti-tumour effects of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom","volume":"11","author":"Abd El-Zaher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Egypt. 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