{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T06:12:36Z","timestamp":1779257556696,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Fungal Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia (PCP) remains a major opportunistic infection affecting both HIV-infected and non-HIV immunocompromised individuals. Key aspects of its transmission dynamics in complex healthcare environments remain poorly understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a descriptive molecular epidemiology study to characterize the genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>P. jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in a large tertiary-care hospital in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Respiratory samples collected from hospitalized and outpatient individuals undergoing molecular investigation for PCP between 2014 and 2015 were analyzed. PCR-positive specimens were genotyped by sequencing the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) locus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 80 patients tested, 58 samples were successfully sequenced, including individuals living with HIV\/AIDS (39.7%), solid organ transplant recipients (32.8%), and patients with other immunosuppressive conditions (27.6%). Three genotypes were identified. Genotype 3 predominated across all clinical groups (69%), whereas genotypes 2 and 1 accounted for 12% and 7%, respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 12% of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this descriptive molecular epidemiology study, genotype 3 predominated across diverse immunocompromised populations within a large tertiary-care hospital. These findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and may reflect underlying genotype distribution or shared environmental exposure. Further studies incorporating higher-resolution typing methods and clinical correlation are needed to better define transmission pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2026.1841693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:46:59Z","timestamp":1779256019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genotype distribution of Pneumocystis jirovecii in immunocompromised patients: a single-center molecular epidemiology study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cec\u00edlia Salete","family":"Alencar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Laborat\u00f3rio Central, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello Mihailenko Chaves","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Laborat\u00f3rio Central, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Cl\u00ednica de Mol\u00e9stias Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helio Hehl","family":"Caiaffa Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Laborat\u00f3rio Central, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ester Cerdeira","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Laborat\u00f3rio Central, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2022.2152332","article-title":"A comprehensive clinical guide for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a missing therapeutic target in HIV-uninfected patients","volume":"16","author":"Alsayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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