{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:28:11Z","timestamp":1787120891601,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Fungal Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poultry farms have been recognized as environments prone to fungal contamination. However, the occurrence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and its cytotoxic potential remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to characterize the occurrence, cytotoxic potential, and azole-resistance profile ofAspergillus section Fumigati in poultry farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 420 samples, including air (n = 47), electrostatic dust cloths (n\u00a0= 87), bedding (n = 87), feed (n = 95), swabs (n = 87), workers\u2019 masks (n = 2), and broiler breast (n = 15), were obtained. Fungal characterization was performed through culture-based methods (27 \u00b0C and 37 \u00b0C), followed by azole resistance screening according to EUCAST guidelines. Resistant isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and a targeted analysis of cyp51A mutations. The cytotoxicity potential of fungal isolates and environmental samples was evaluated using selected cell lines representing respiratory organs (human alveolar [A549]) and detoxification organs (swinekidney [SK]\/hepatocellular carcinoma [HepG2]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven putative Aspergillus fumigatus isolates exhibited pan-azole resistance (MICs: \u2265 2 mg\/L ITR\/VOR; \u2265 1mg\/L for POS). Four isolates carried the TR34\/L98H mutation and were recovered from bedding (n = 3) and air (n = 1), suggesting the presence of resistant A. fumigatus in poultry farm matrices. Although 12% of isolates induced toxicity on both cell lines (17\/145), no significant association was observed between isolate cytotoxicity and environmental sample toxicity, suggesting that additional biological and chemical components may contribute to the overall toxicological profile of farm environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the occurrence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in poultry farms and support integrated surveillance approaches addressing antifungal resistance and environmental exposure risks in poultry production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2026.1858050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:49:01Z","timestamp":1787118541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of TR34\/L98H pan-azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in poultry farm environments"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CE3C\u2014Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"H&TRC \u2013 Health & Technology Research Center, ESSL \u2013 Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&TRC \u2013 Health & Technology Research Center, ESSL \u2013 Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&TRC \u2013 Health & Technology Research Center, ESSL \u2013 Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]},{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Carolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&TRC \u2013 Health & Technology Research Center, ESSL \u2013 Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","place":["Lisbon, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel J. 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