{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:51:18Z","timestamp":1782906678092,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Fungal Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    False smut of rice, caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Ustilaginoidea virens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has emerged as a serious threat to global rice production, resulting in substantial yield and grain quality losses. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the pathogen\u2019s life cycle, infection biology, and epidemiological factors, while highlighting the\u00a0limitations of current management strategies that rely predominantly on fungicide applications.\n                    <jats:italic>U. virens<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibits a unique biotrophic infection strategy, colonizing floral tissues without specialized infection structures and manipulating host physiology through a diverse repertoire of effectors that suppress immunity, alter hormonal signaling, and hijack sugar transport systems to facilitate nutrient diversion and smut ball formation. Integrating molecular mechanisms with epidemiological factors such as climate variability and inoculum dynamics provides important insights into disease development and spread. Recent progress in\u00a0artificial intelligence has enabled the development of predictive modeling frameworks, while advances in spectral imaging and molecular diagnostics offer\u00a0promising tools for early detection and disease forecasting. In the absence of identified resistance rice cultivars, genome editing and microbiome-based strategies are viable alternative approaches for durable disease control. These advances together provide a basis for a transition to an integrated management framework incorporating forecasting models, genome editing, and microbiome-informed interventions for more sustainable and effective control of rice false smut.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2026.1875221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:22:46Z","timestamp":1782904966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["False smut of rice: integrating molecular pathogenicity and epidemiology for next-generation disease management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Nishmitha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Breeding Platform, South Asia Regional Center, International Rice Research Institute","place":["Varanasi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding Graduate Program, University of Florida","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Ramakrishna Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute","place":["Ranchi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryakant","family":"Manik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology","place":["Ranchi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hem Chandra","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University","place":["Ranchi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lham","family":"Dorjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University","place":["Ranchi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-025-03090-5","article-title":"Fungicidal effects of fungicides in controlling rice seedling rot, brown spot, and false smut under field conditions in Thailand","volume":"173","author":"Akphumkitanun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. 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