{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:08:46Z","timestamp":1789711726631,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014180","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007523","name":"Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007523","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Fungal Biol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Several\n Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n species are recognized as biocontrol agents that can enhance plant defenses against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, few studies have investigated\n Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n activity against bacterial pathogens, and the\n Xanthomonas axonopodis<\/jats:italic>\n pv.\n passiflorae (Xap)-Passiflora edulis<\/jats:italic>\n pathosystem remains largely unexplored.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We analyzed the effects of cell-free filtrates from\n Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n cultures on the growth of\n Xap<\/jats:italic>\n . We also investigated the potential of\n T. asperellum<\/jats:italic>\n T25 and\n T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n T146, when applied to the plant growth substrate, to control bacterial blight caused by\n Xap<\/jats:italic>\n in\n P. edulis<\/jats:italic>\n , as well as the mechanisms underlying systemic defense responses in the host plant. Fifty-day-old plants grown in substrate treated or untreated with a\n Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n strain were inoculated or not with\n Xap<\/jats:italic>\n , and changes in the expression of marker genes representative of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis (\n LOX2<\/jats:italic>\n ), salicylic acid (SA)-dependent (\n PR1<\/jats:italic>\n ), and ethylene (ET)-dependent (\n PDF1.2<\/jats:italic>\n ) defense pathways were analyzed at 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). At 14 dpi, H\u2082O\u2082 content and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes -superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase- were also evaluated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n \n Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n filtrates showed antimicrobial activity against\n Xap<\/jats:italic>\n . In the absence of the pathogen, strain T25 promoted the growth of\n P. edulis<\/jats:italic>\n plants. Both\n Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n strains controlled disease symptoms with similar efficacy. However, at the early stage of the\n P. edulis-Xap<\/jats:italic>\n interaction, differential expression of SA- and JA-related genes was detected between T25-pretreated and T146-pretreated plants. Furthermore, at the later stage of the interaction (14 dpi), pretreatment with strain T146 increased ROS levels (measured as H\u2082O\u2082 content) in response to\n Xap<\/jats:italic>\n , whereas the lowest oxidative levels were observed in plants inoculated with the pathogen alone. Our results demonstrate that\n T. asperellum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n effectively control bacterial blight caused by a virulent\n Xap<\/jats:italic>\n strain in\n P. edulis<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2026.1920680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:36:44Z","timestamp":1789709804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trichoderma controls bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in Passiflora edulis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Deniz","family":"Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science and Animal Science, Southwest Bahia State University","place":["Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quelmo Silva","family":"de Novaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science and Animal Science, Southwest Bahia State University","place":["Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Hermosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Bel\u00e9n","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70574","article-title":"Nutritional, pharmacological and industrial applications of mangosteen and passion fruit: A review","volume":"13","author":"Arshad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1716657","article-title":"Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses reveal wheat drought mitigation by Trichoderma simmonsii and reduced demand for canonical plant stress responses","volume":"16","author":"Ascaso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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