{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:41:14Z","timestamp":1792096874848,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":320,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genome Ed."],"abstract":"<jats:p>CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) has undergone marked advancements since its discovery as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea, emerged as a potent gene-editing tool after the successful engineering of its synthetic guide RNA (sgRNA) toward the targeting of specific DNA sequences with high accuracy. Besides its DNA editing ability, further-developed Cas variants can also edit the epigenome, rendering the CRISPR-Cas system a versatile tool for genome and epigenome manipulation and a pioneering force in precision medicine. This review explores the latest advancements in CRISPR-Cas technology and its therapeutic and biomedical applications, highlighting its transformative impact on precision medicine. Moreover, the current status of CRISPR therapeutics in clinical trials is discussed. Finally, we address the persisting challenges and prospects of CRISPR-Cas technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgeed.2024.1509924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T03:57:58Z","timestamp":1733975878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Advances in CRISPR-Cas technology and its applications: revolutionising precision medicine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sarkar Sardar","family":"Azeez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahin Shareef","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahra Kakamin","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudhir Sabir","family":"Shekha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bergsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24049","article-title":"RNA targeting with CRISPR-Cas13","volume":"550","author":"Abudayyeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51519-5_116-1","article-title":"Non-viral Gene Delivery","author":"Abd Ellah","year":"2021","journal-title":"The ADME Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Guide on Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4086","article-title":"IL-7 and CCL19 expression in CAR-T cells improves immune cell infiltration and CAR-T cell survival in the tumor","volume":"36","author":"Adachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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