{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:10:26Z","timestamp":1781140226583,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Insomnia is a common mental disorder, affecting nearly one fifth of the pre-adult population in the United States. The recent, largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted on the United Kingdom Biobank cohort identified hundreds of significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), allowing the epidemiologists to quantify individual genetic predisposition in the subsequent studies <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the polygenic risk scoring technique. The nucleotide polymorphisms and risk scoring, while being able to generalize to other adult populations of European origin, are not yet tested on pediatric and adolescent populations of diverse racial-ethnic backgrounds, and our study intends to fill these gaps.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> We took the summary of the same United Kingdom Biobank study and conducted a polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis on a multi-ethnicity, pre-adult population provided by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The PRSs according to the significant nucleotide polymorphisms found in white British adults is a strong predictor of insomnia in children of similar European background but lacks power in non-European groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Through polygenic risk scoring, the knowledge of insomnia genetics summarized from a white adult study population is transferable to a younger age group, which aids the search of actionable targets of early insomnia prevention. Yet population stratification may prevent the easy generalization across ethnic lines; therefore, it is necessary to conduct group specific studies to aid people of non-European genetic background.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.654717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T08:36:51Z","timestamp":1620635811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Polygenic Risk for Insomnia in Adolescents of Diverse Ancestry"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation.","volume":"526","author":"Auton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.010","article-title":"Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: rationale and description.","volume":"32","author":"Barch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. 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