{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T11:55:27Z","timestamp":1782561327659,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a closed-loop structure that are mainly produced by variable processing of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). They are widely present in all eukaryotes and are very stable. Currently, circRNA studies have become a hotspot in RNA research. It has been reported that circRNAs constitute a significant proportion of transcript expression, and some are significantly more abundantly expressed than other transcripts. CircRNAs have regulatory roles in gene expression and critical biological functions in the development of organisms, such as acting as microRNA sponges or as endogenous RNAs and biomarkers. As such, they may have useful functions in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. CircRNAs have been found to play an important role in the development of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurological disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In this paper, we review the status of circRNA research, describe circRNA-related databases and the identification of circRNAs, discuss the role of circRNAs in human diseases such as colon cancer, atherosclerosis, and gastric cancer, and identify remaining research questions related to circRNAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.665233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T06:35:22Z","timestamp":1616135722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Advances in the Identification of Circular RNAs and Research Into circRNAs in Human Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shihu","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306319","article-title":"Identification and.","volume":"117","author":"Boeckel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001233","article-title":"Expression of linear and novel circular forms of an INK4\/ARF-associated non-coding RNA correlates with atherosclerosis risk.","volume":"6","author":"Burd","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101732","article-title":"ProLanGO: protein function prediction using neural machine translation based on a recurrent neural network.","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03401761","article-title":"The mouse formin (Fmn) gene: abundant circular RNA transcripts and gene-targeted deletion analysis.","volume":"4","author":"Chao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.32","article-title":"The biogenesis and emerging roles of circular RNAs.","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2174\/156652321904191022113307","article-title":"Computational and biological methods for gene therapy.","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty002","article-title":"DincRNA: a comprehensive web-based bioinformatics toolkit for exploring disease associations and ncRNA function.","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D140","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1051","article-title":"LncRNA2Target v2.0: a comprehensive database for target genes of lncRNAs in human and mouse.","volume":"47","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.09.019","article-title":"Computational methods for identifying similar diseases.","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucl. Acids."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2017.53","article-title":"A circRNA from SEPALLATA3 regulates splicing of its cognate mRNA through R-loop formation.","volume":"3","author":"Conn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0571-3","article-title":"CIRI: an efficient and unbiased algorithm for de novo circular RNA identification.","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3388440.3414702","article-title":"HMMeta: Protein function prediction using hidden markov models","author":"Gbenro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the BCB \u201920: 11th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2013.00283","article-title":"Circ2Traits: a comprehensive database for circular RNA potentially associated with disease and traits.","volume":"4","author":"Ghosal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.043687.113","article-title":"circBase: a database for circular RNAs.","volume":"20","author":"Glazar","year":"2014","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0409-z","article-title":"Expanded identification and characterization of mammalian circular RNAs.","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993","article-title":"Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges.","volume":"495","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1458","article-title":"Comparison of circular RNA prediction tools.","volume":"44","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3388440.3414701","article-title":"Sola gbenro; renzhi cao in prolango2: protein function prediction with ensemble of encoder-decoder networks","author":"Hippe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the BCB \u201920: 11th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-2-r34","article-title":"A multi-split mapping algorithm for circular RNA, splicing, trans-splicing and fusion detection.","volume":"15","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz694","article-title":"Identifying enhancer-promoter interactions with neural network based on pre-trained DNA vectors and attention mechanism.","volume":"36","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/280339a0","article-title":"Electron microscopic evidence for the circular form of RNA in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.","volume":"280","author":"Hsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2890","article-title":"Detecting and characterizing circular RNAs.","volume":"32","author":"Jeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-4-S1-S2","article-title":"Prioritization of disease microRNAs through a human phenome-microRNAome network.","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Syst. Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-16-S3-S2","article-title":"LncRNA2Function: a comprehensive resource for functional investigation of human lncRNAs based on RNA-seq data.","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1504\/ijdmb.2013.056078","article-title":"Predicting human microRNA-disease associations based on support vector machine.","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Data Min. Bioinform."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/317642","article-title":"TF2LncRNA: identifying common transcription factors for a list of lncRNA genes from ChIP-Seq data.","volume":"2014","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D98","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn714","article-title":"miR2Disease: a manually curated database for microRNA deregulation in human disease.","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2019.04.025","article-title":"DUNet: a deformable.","volume":"178","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes.","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(76)90223-3","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Sendai virus DI-RNAs.","volume":"8","author":"Kolakofsky","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz133","article-title":"MotifCNN-fold: protein fold recognition based on fold-specific features extracted by motif-based convolutional neural networks.","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D92","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1248","article-title":"starBase v2.0: decoding miRNA-ceRNA, miRNA-ncRNA and protein-RNA interaction networks from large-scale CLIP-Seq data.","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.02.018","article-title":"Using circular RNA as a novel type of biomarker in the screening of gastric cancer.","volume":"444","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D106","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx891","article-title":"exoRBase: a database of circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA in human blood exosomes.","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.82","article-title":"Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis.","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2959","article-title":"Exon-intron circular RNAs regulate transcription in the nucleus.","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B37","article-title":"gutMDisorder: a comprehensive database for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disorders and interventions.","volume":"48","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz740","article-title":"BioSeq-analysis2.0: an updated platform for analyzing DNA, RNA, and protein sequences at sequence level and residue level based on machine learning approaches.","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz139","article-title":"Fold-LTR-TCP: protein fold recognition based on triadic closure principle.","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D209","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv940","article-title":"CircNet: a database of circular RNAs derived from transcriptome sequencing data.","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa370","article-title":"A deep learning approach for filtering structural variants in short read sequencing data.","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.2174\/1574893615666200224095925","article-title":"Predicting lncRNA-protein interactions by machine learning methods: a review.","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Bioinform."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-018-2857-9","article-title":"Spark-IDPP: high-throughput and scalable prediction of intrinsically disordered protein regions with Spark clusters on the cloud.","volume":"22","author":"Malysiak-Mrozek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cluster Comput. J. Net. Softw. Tools Appl."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928","article-title":"F le noble., N rajewsky, circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency.","volume":"495","author":"Memczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2020.107365","article-title":"A review of cloud computing technologies for comprehensive microRNA analyses.","volume":"88","author":"Mrozek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"1513","article-title":"An optimal alignment of proteins energy characteristics with crisp and fuzzy similarity awards","author":"Mrozek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"35","author":"Mrozek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alignment of Protein Structure Energy Patterns Represented as Sequences of Fuzzy Numbers."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90244-s","article-title":"Scrambled exons.","volume":"64","author":"Nigro","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.259","article-title":"Deep surveying of alternative splicing complexity in the human transcriptome by high-throughput sequencing.","volume":"40","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2174\/1574893614666191017154427","article-title":"Comparative transcriptome profiling of disruptive technology, single-molecule direct RNA sequencing.","volume":"15","author":"Pradeep","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Bioinf."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-150552","article-title":"Hsa_circ_0001649: a circular RNA and potential novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"16","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2118203","article-title":"Two reactions of Haloferax voicanii RNA splicing enzymes: joining of exons and circularization of introns.","volume":"9","author":"Salgia","year":"2003","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2015-0019","article-title":"Circular RNA expression in basal cell carcinoma.","volume":"8","author":"Sand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.11.3852","article-title":"Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures.","volume":"73","author":"Sanger","year":"1976","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/59981","article-title":"Identification of circular RNAs using RNA sequencing.","volume":"14","author":"Sekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003811","article-title":"Comprehensive circular RNA profiling reveals that hsa_circ_0005075, a new circular RNA biomarker, is involved in hepatocellular crcinoma development.","volume":"95","author":"Shang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa192","article-title":"ProtFold-DFG: protein fold recognition by combining directed fusion graph and pagerank algorithm.","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/ijcbdd.2020.10026784","article-title":"TopQA: a topological representation for single-model protein quality assessment with machine learning.","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. J. Comput. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180820112457","article-title":"Survey of machine learning techniques in drug discovery.","volume":"20","author":"Stephenson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1759-8753-5-7","article-title":"Homing endonucleases from mobile group I introns: discovery to genome engineering.","volume":"5","author":"Stoddard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mobile DNA"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2019.02.009","article-title":"Deep-Resp-Forest: a deep forest model to predict anti-cancer drug response.","volume":"166","author":"Su","year":"","journal-title":"Methods (San Diego, Calif.)"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1109\/tcbb.2018.2858756","article-title":"Developing a multi-dose computational model for drug-induced hepatotoxicity prediction based on toxicogenomics data.","volume":"16","author":"Su","year":"","journal-title":"IEEE-ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty508","article-title":"iLoc-lncRNA: predict the subcellular location of lncRNAs by incorporating octamer composition into general PseKNC.","volume":"34","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-S2-S22","article-title":"Transcription factor and microRNA regulation in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells.","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq622","article-title":"MapSplice: accurate mapping of RNA-seq reads for splice junction discovery.","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090859","article-title":"Circular RNA is expressed across the eukaryotic tree of life.","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2484","article-title":"RNA-Seq: a revolutionary.","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz057","article-title":"iCircDA-MF: identification of circRNA-disease associations based on matrix factorization.","volume":"21","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2017.08.009","article-title":"Prediction of human protein subcellular localization using deep learning.","volume":"117","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1109\/tcbb.2013.146","article-title":"Improved and promising identification of human MicroRNAs by incorporating a high-quality negative set.","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.06.026","article-title":"Local-DPP: an improved DNA-binding protein prediction method by exploring local evolutionary information.","volume":"384","author":"Wei","year":"","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2017.02.005","article-title":"A novel hierarchical selective ensemble classifier with bioinformatics application.","volume":"83","author":"Wei","year":"","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1109\/tcbb.2017.2670558","article-title":"Fast prediction of protein methylation sites using a sequence-based feature selection technique.","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE-ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2017.03.001","article-title":"Improved prediction of protein-protein interactions using novel negative samples, features, and an ensemble classifier.","volume":"83","author":"Wei","year":"","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"B75","article-title":"RNA splicing.","volume":"347","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B76","article-title":"The circular RNA Cdr1as, via miR-7 and its targets, regulates insulin transcription and secretion in islet cells.","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D123","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp943","article-title":"deepBase: a database for deeply annotating and mining deep sequencing data.","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-2-r16","article-title":"Genomewide characterization of non-polyadenylated RNAs.","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2174\/1574893614666190308160507","article-title":"The expression profiles of lncrnas and their regulatory network during smek1\/2 knockout mouse neural stem cells differentiation.","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Bioinform."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.31","article-title":"Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N-6-methyladenosine.","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03944-1","article-title":"PCirc: random forest-based plant circRNA identification software.","volume":"22","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006916","article-title":"Details in the evaluation of circular RNA detection tools: reply to Chen and Chuang.","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005420","article-title":"A comprehensive overview and evaluation of circular RNA detection tools.","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz080","article-title":"Predicting disease-associated circular rnas using deep forests combined with positive-unlabeled learning methods.","volume":"21","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.591487","article-title":"Identifying antioxidant proteins by using amino acid composition and protein-protein interactions.","volume":"8","author":"Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B86","article-title":"Circular RNA circNRIP1 acts as a microRNA-149-5p sponge to promote gastric cancer progression via the AKT1\/mTOR pathway.","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.001","article-title":"Complementary sequence-mediated exon circularization.","volume":"159","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.07.036","article-title":"Circular RNAs: promising biomarkers for human diseases.","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa212","article-title":"Deep-DRM: a computational method for identifying disease-related metabolites based on graph deep learning approaches.","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa428","article-title":"DeepLGP: a novel deep learning method for prioritizing lncRNA target genes.","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-3388-y","article-title":"ECFS-DEA: an.","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/861402","article-title":"MicroRNA promoter identification in arabidopsis using multiple histone markers.","volume":"2015","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"B93","article-title":"Screening differential circular RNA expression profiles reveals the regulatory role of circTCF25-miR-103a-3p\/miR-107-CDK6 pathway in bladder carcinoma.","volume":"6","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2020.1734382","article-title":"2lpiRNApred: a two-layered integrated algorithm for identifying piRNAs and their functions based on LFE-GM feature selection.","volume":"17","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"RNA biology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.665233\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T12:46:32Z","timestamp":1698065192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.665233\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2021.665233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.665233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"article-number":"665233"}}