{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T09:01:45Z","timestamp":1793610105912,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009790","name":"University at Albany","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by single-celled blood parasites of the genus <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>. The most severe cases of this disease are caused by the <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>Falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Once infected, a human host experiences symptoms of recurrent and intermittent fevers occurring over a time-frame of 48 hours, attributed to the synchronized developmental cycle of the parasite during the blood stage. To understand the regulated periodicity of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> transcription, this paper forecast and predict the <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> gene transcription during its blood stage life cycle implementing a well-tuned recurrent neural network with gated recurrent units. Additionally, we also employ a spiking neural network to predict the expression levels of the <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> gene. We provide results of this prediction on multiple genes including potential genes that express possible drug target enzymes. Our results show a high level of accuracy in being able to predict and forecast the expression levels of the different genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.721068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T05:55:07Z","timestamp":1632290107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Deep Learning Methods in Predicting Gene Expression Levels for the Malaria Parasite"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banafsheh","family":"Rekabdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinwe","family":"Ekenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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