{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:24:23Z","timestamp":1791566663306,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013066","name":"Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common age-related degenerative diseases. In recent years, some studies have shown that pathological changes in the synovial membrane occur earlier than those in the cartilage in OA. However, the molecular mechanism of synovitis in the pathological process of OA has not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers associated with OA and to emphasize the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microarray datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress databases and were then analyzed using R software. To determine differential immune cell subtype infiltration, the CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm was used. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the relative expressions of selected genes. Besides, Western blotting was used to assess the protein expression levels in osteoarthritic chondrocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After analyzing the database profiles, two potential biomarkers, collagen type 3 alpha 1 chain (<jats:italic>COL3A1<\/jats:italic>), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (<jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic>), associated with OA were discovered, which were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Specifically, the results revealed that, as the concentration of IL-1\u03b2 increased, so did the gene and protein expression levels of <jats:italic>COL3A1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MMP9<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings provide valuable information and direction for future research into novel targets for OA immunotherapy and diagnosis and aids in the discovery of the underlying biological mechanisms of OA pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.721258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T15:38:50Z","timestamp":1630942730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["COL3A1 and MMP9 Serve as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis and Are Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shushan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renqiu","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peige","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiheng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205894","article-title":"Synovitis in knee osteoarthritis: a precursor of disease?","volume":"75","author":"Atukorala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. 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