{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:26:07Z","timestamp":1785147967364,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072525 31501722 31572085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072525 31501722 31572085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the past decade, progress has been made in sex determination mechanism in <jats:italic>Vitis<\/jats:italic>. However, genes responsible for sexual differentiation and its mechanism in <jats:italic>V. amurensis<\/jats:italic> remain unknown. Here, we identify a sex determination candidate gene coding adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 3 (<jats:italic>VaAPRT3<\/jats:italic>) in <jats:italic>V. amurensis<\/jats:italic>. Cloning and sequencing of the <jats:italic>VaAPRT3<\/jats:italic> gene allowed us to develop a molecular marker able to discriminate female individuals from males or hermaphrodites based on a 22-bp InDel. Gene expression and endogenous cytokinin content analysis revealed that the <jats:italic>VaAPRT3<\/jats:italic> gene is involved in sex determination or, to be precise, in female organ differentiation, through regulating cytokinin metabolism in <jats:italic>V. amurensis<\/jats:italic>. This study enlarged the understanding of sex determination mechanism in the genus <jats:italic>Vitis<\/jats:italic>, and the sex marker could be used as a helpful tool for sexual identification in breeding programs as well as in investi<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>ation and collection of <jats:italic>V. amurensis<\/jats:italic> germplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.727260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T10:07:20Z","timestamp":1640254040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["VaAPRT3 Gene is Associated With Sex Determination in Vitis amurensis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Men","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Lin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Tian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Shan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Wu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-004-1704-y","article-title":"Mapping 245 SSR Markers on the Vitis vinifera Genome: a Tool for Grape Genetics","volume":"109","author":"Adam-blondon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theor. 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