{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T19:04:15Z","timestamp":1769108655946,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ancestry informative markers (AIMs) are useful to infer individual biogeographical ancestry and to estimate admixture proportions of admixed populations or individuals. Although a growing number of AIM panels for forensic ancestry origin analyses were developed, they may not efficiently infer the ancestry origins of most populations in China. In this study, a set of 52 ancestry informative deletion\/insertion polymorphisms (AIDIPs) were selected with the aim of effectively differentiate continental and partial Chinese populations. All of the selected markers were successfully incorporated into a single multiplex PCR panel, which could be conveniently and efficiently detected on capillary electrophoresis platforms. Genetic distributions of the same 50 AIDIPs in different continental populations revealed that most loci showed high genetic differentiations between East Asian populations and other continental populations. Population genetic analyses of different continental populations indicated that these 50 AIDIPs could clearly discriminate East Asian, European, and African populations. In addition, the 52 AIDIPs also exhibited relatively high cumulative discrimination power in the Eastern Han population, which could be used as a supplementary tool for forensic investigation. Furthermore, the Eastern Han population showed close genetic relationships with East Asian populations and high ancestral components from East Asian populations. In the future, we need to investigate genetic distributions of these 52 AIDIPs in Chinese Han populations in different regions and other ethnic groups, and further evaluate the power of these loci to differentiate different Chinese populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.801275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T08:06:31Z","timestamp":1645085191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Ancestry Informative DIP Panel for Continental Origin Inference"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yongsong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoye","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Buling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bofeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","article-title":"Fast Model-Based Estimation of Ancestry in Unrelated Individuals","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2019.102200","article-title":"PIMA: A Population Informative Multiplex for the Americas","volume":"44","author":"Carvalho Gontijo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","article-title":"Second-generation PLINK: Rising to the challenge of Larger and Richer Datasets","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"GigaSci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2020.06.009","article-title":"TBtools: An Integrative Toolkit Developed for Interactive Analyses of Big Biological Data","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Plant"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2019.02.009","article-title":"Developmental Validation of a Novel Six-Dye Typing System with 47 A-InDels and 2 Y-InDels","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670482","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.670482","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Forensic Multiplex System with 38 X-InDel Loci","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy170","article-title":"A Comprehensive Map of Genetic Variation in the World's Largest Ethnic Group-Han Chinese","volume":"35","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"47","article-title":"Arlequin (Version 3.0): an Integrated Software Package for Population Genetics Data Analysis","volume":"1","author":"Excoffier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evol. Bioinform Online"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A Global Reference for Human Genetic Variation","volume":"526","author":"Genomes Project","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2017.07.007","article-title":"STRAF-A Convenient Online Tool for STR Data Evaluation in Forensic Genetics","volume":"30","author":"Gouy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6508","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6508","article-title":"A Set of Novel SNP Loci for Differentiating continental Populations and Three Chinese Populations","volume":"7","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201800448","article-title":"Distinguishing Three Distinct Biogeographic Regions with an In\u2010house Developed 39\u2010AIM\u2010InDel Panel and Further Admixture Proportion Estimation for Uyghurs","volume":"40","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2019.07.011","article-title":"Forensic Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Both 27 Y-STRs and 143 Y-SNPs in Eastern Han Chinese Population","volume":"42","author":"Lang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2013.10.006","article-title":"Characterization of 114 Insertion\/deletion (INDEL) Polymorphisms, and Selection for a Global INDEL Panel for Human Identification","volume":"16","author":"LaRue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leg. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1080-z","article-title":"Selection of 29 Highly Informative InDel Markers for Human Identification and Paternity Analysis in Chinese Han Population by the SNPlex Genotyping System","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz072","article-title":"River Valleys Shaped the Maternal Genetic Landscape of Han Chinese","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2019.1693628","article-title":"Genetic Polymorphisms, Forensic Efficiency and Phylogenetic Analysis of 17 Autosomal STR Loci in the Han Population of Wuxi, Eastern China","volume":"46","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.4565806","article-title":"An Initial Map of Insertion and Deletion (INDEL) Variation in the Human Genome","volume":"16","author":"Mills","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0593-2","article-title":"A Method for the Analysis of 32 X Chromosome Insertion Deletion Polymorphisms in a Single PCR","volume":"126","author":"Pereira","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Leg. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3682","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200900274","article-title":"A New Multiplex for Human Identification Using Insertion\/deletion Polymorphisms","volume":"30","author":"Pereira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029684","article-title":"Straightforward Inference of Ancestry and Admixture Proportions through Ancestry-Informative Insertion Deletion Multiplexing","volume":"7","author":"Pereira","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20200327","article-title":"The Analysis of Ancestry with Small-Scale Forensic Panels of Genetic Markers","volume":"5","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Top. Life Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2015.05.012","article-title":"Forensic Genetic Analysis of Bio-Geographical Ancestry","volume":"18","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2007.06.008","article-title":"Inferring Ancestral Origin Using a Single Multiplex Assay of Ancestry-Informative Marker SNPs","volume":"1","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2011.04.018","article-title":"A Comparison of Methods for Forensic DNA Extraction: Chelex-100 and the Qiagen DNA Investigator Kit (Manual and Automated)","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2019.05.001","article-title":"Establishing a Second-Tier Panel of 18 Ancestry Informative Markers to Improve Ancestry Distinctions Among Asian Populations","volume":"41","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1086\/380416","article-title":"Informativeness of Genetic Markers for Inference of Ancestry*","volume":"73","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2015.10.003","article-title":"Pacifiplex : an Ancestry-Informative SNP Panel Centred on Australia and the Pacific Region","volume":"20","author":"Santos","year":"","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3597-0_19","article-title":"Inference of Ancestry in Forensic Analysis II: Analysis of Genetic Data","volume":"1420","author":"Santos","year":"","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21159","article-title":"Assessing Individual Interethnic Admixture and Population Substructure Using a 48-Insertion-Deletion (INSEL) Ancestry-Informative Marker (AIM) Panel","volume":"31","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-1-4-274","article-title":"The Genomic Distribution of Population Substructure in Four Populations Using 8,525 Autosomal SNPs","volume":"1","author":"Shriver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Genomics"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39797","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39797","article-title":"Multi-InDel Analysis for Ancestry Inference of Sub-populations in China","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1086\/342727","article-title":"Human Diallelic Insertion\/deletion Polymorphisms","volume":"71","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1183-5","article-title":"A Single-Tube 27-plex SNP Assay for Estimating Individual Ancestry and Admixture from Three Continents","volume":"130","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Leg. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2020.102344","article-title":"Forensic Evaluation of the Asia Pacific Ancestry-Informative MAPlex Assay","volume":"48","author":"Xavier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.801275\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T08:06:37Z","timestamp":1645085197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.801275\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2021.801275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.801275","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"article-number":"801275"}}