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Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> genus has extensive chromosomal diversity among species, including heteromorphic sex chromosomes occurrence. However, studies have been shown that chromosomal diversity may still be underestimated. Repetitive sequences represent a large part of eukaryotic genomes, associated with mechanisms of karyotypic diversification, including sex chromosomes evolution. This study analyzed the karyotype diversification of two <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> species (<jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> sp. 1 and <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> sp. 2) from the Amazon region by classical and molecular chromosomal markers. Conventional chromosome bands and fluorescence <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization using probes 18S and 5S rDNA, besides (CA)n, (CG)n, (GA)n, (CAC)n, (CAG)n, (CAT)n, (GAA)n, (GAC)n, (TAA)n, and (TTAGGG)n in tandem repeats were determined on the karyotypes. <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> sp. 1 and <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> sp. 2 presented karyotypes with 2n = 38 (20\u00a0m + 14sm+4st, XX\/XY) and 2n = 34 (20\u00a0m + 14sm, without heteromorphic sex chromosomes), respectively. Robertsonian rearrangements can explain the diploid number difference. C-bands occurred in pericentromeric regions in some chromosomes, and a single 18S rDNA locus occurred in both species. The 5S rDNA showed variation in the number of loci between species karyotypes, suggesting the occurrence of unstable sites and rearrangements associated with these sequences in <jats:italic>Ancistrus.<\/jats:italic> The microsatellite mapping evidenced distinct patterns of organization between the two analyzed species, occurring mainly in the sex chromosomes in <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> sp. 1, and in the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes m\/sm in <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic> sp. 2. These data shows the extensive chromosomal diversity of repetitive sequences in <jats:italic>Ancistrus<\/jats:italic>, which were involved in Robertsonian rearrangements and sex chromosomes differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.838462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T02:49:33Z","timestamp":1648522173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chromosomal Diversification in Ancistrus Species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) Inferred From Repetitive Sequence Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Santos da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Glugoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Ricardo","family":"Vicari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto C\u00e9sar Paes","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Coelho Rodrigues","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio Cesar","family":"Pieczarka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cleusa Yoshiko","family":"Nagamachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-005-0715-1","article-title":"Karyotypic Relationships Among the Tribes of Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with Description of XO Sex Chromosome System in a Neotropical Fish Species","volume":"128","author":"Alves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.569.6630","article-title":"A New Species of Peckoltia from the Upper Orinoco (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)","volume":"569","author":"Armbruster","year":"2016","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2004.00109.x","article-title":"Phylogenetic Relationships of the Suckermouth Armoured Catfishes (Loricariidae) with Emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinaeshes Loricariidae with Emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae","volume":"141","author":"Armbruster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zoolog. 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