{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:50:29Z","timestamp":1790653829075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic conjunctival inflammatory condition that typically affects children. Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules, the expression of which is reported to regulate cellular processes implicated in several eye diseases. The aim of this preliminary study is to identify the miRNA expression profile in the tears of children with VKC <jats:italic>vis-\u00e0-vis<\/jats:italic> controls, and to statistically evaluate these miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers of VKC. The study involved a VKC group and a control group. Tear specimens were collected using Schirmer\u2019s strips. RNA was isolated using miRNeasy Micro kit and quantification was performed using an Agilent Bioanalyzer RNA 6000 Nano kit and Small RNA kit. miRNA profiling was performed using the Agilent microarray technique. A total of 51 miRNAs (48 upregulated and three downregulated) were differentially expressed in the tears of children with VKC and controls. The three most significantly upregulated miRNAs were hsa-miR-1229-5p, hsa-miR-6821-5p, and hsa-miR-6800-5p, and the three most significantly downregulated miRNAs were hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-7977, and hsa-miR-1260a. All the upregulated miRNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers of VKC pending validation due to their larger discriminatory area under the curve (AUC) values. miRNA target prediction analysis revealed multiple overlapping genes that are known to play a role in conjunctival inflammation. We identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs in the tears of children with VKC that may play a role in VKC pathogenesis. This study serves as the platform study for future miRNA studies that will provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of VKC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.847168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T05:23:06Z","timestamp":1649740986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["MicroRNA Profiling of the Tears of Children With Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nazmul Huda","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Nazatul Shima","family":"Shahidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Shatriah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Embong","family":"Zunaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05005","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05005","article-title":"Predicting Effective microRNA Target Sites in Mammalian mRNAs","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30131","article-title":"MicroRNA Expression Profiles as Biomarkers of Minor Salivary Gland Inflammation and Dysfunction in Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Alevizos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02073","article-title":"MicroRNA Functions in Animal Development and Human Disease","volume":"132","author":"Alvarez-Garcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(00)00092-0","article-title":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Revisited","volume":"107","author":"Bonini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10955","article-title":"Circulating Nerve Growth Factor Levels Are Increased in Humans with Allergic Diseases and Asthma","volume":"93","author":"Bonini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. 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