{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:33:16Z","timestamp":1782228796486,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold><jats:bold>:<\/jats:bold> A large meta-analysis indicated a more pronounced association between lower birth weight (BW) and diseases in women but less concern about the causality between BW and female-related phenotypes and diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to estimate the causal relationship between two traits or diseases using summary datasets from genome-wide association studies. Exposure instrumental variables are variants that are strongly associated with traits and are tested using four different statistical methods, including the inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode in MR analysis. Next, sensitivity analysis and horizontal pleiotropy were assessed using leave-one-out and MR-PRESSO packages.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The body mass index (BMI) in adulthood was determined by BW (corrected \u03b2 = 0.071, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 3.19E-03). Lower BW could decrease the adult sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) level (\u03b2 = \u22120.081, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 2.08E-06), but it resulted in increased levels of bioavailable testosterone (bio-T) (\u03b2 = 0.105, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.25E-05). A potential inverse effect was observed between BW and menarche (corrected \u03b2 = \u22120.048, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 4.75E-03), and no causal association was confirmed between BW and the risk of endometriosis, leiomyoma, and polycystic ovary syndrome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Our results suggest that BW may play an important role and demonstrates a significant direct influence on female BMI, SHBG and bio-T levels, and menarche.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.850892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T06:28:09Z","timestamp":1660285689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Causal Evidence of Birth Weight and Female-Related Traits and Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Renke","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hefeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2020.1727011","article-title":"Birth Weight, Childhood Body Mass Index and Height and Risks of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis","volume":"47","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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