{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T02:15:00Z","timestamp":1782958500928,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this work was to identify the transcriptomic characteristics of the endometrium in normoweight and overweight\/obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) potentially underlying the pathogenesis. This study included 38 patients undergoing <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization: 22 women with PCOS and 16 matched controls. Each of the groups was subdivided into normoweight (body mass index (BMI) &amp;lt; 25\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and overweight\/obese (BMI \u226525\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) subgroups. Endometrium samples were collected in the secretory phase from controls or in a modeled secretory phase using daily administration of progesterone from women with PCOS before <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization treatment. Transcriptome profiles were assessed by high-throughput RNA sequencing to investigate distinct endometrial gene expression patterns in PCOS. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the endometrium from PCOS expresses significantly different transcripts encoding endometrial receptivity, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism. Additionally, our study demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes between normoweight and overweight\/obese PCOS are involved in fatty acid metabolism, endometrial decidualization, and immune response. For the first time, we have described the transcriptome characteristics of normoweight and overweight\/obese PCOS endometria. Our results indicate different endometrial gene expressions between different subtypes of PCOS and non-PCOS women, which might affect endometrial functions in PCOS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.874487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T09:35:24Z","timestamp":1652434524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Endometrial Dynamics in Normoweight and Overweight\/Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Su","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruochun","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianghui","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der396","article-title":"Consensus on Women's Health Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu012","article-title":"Risk of Endometrial, Ovarian and Breast Cancer in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Barry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.032","article-title":"Female Obesity Impairs In Vitro Fertilization Outcome without Affecting Embryo Quality","volume":"93","author":"Bellver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Sterility"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.021","article-title":"Endometrial Gene Expression in the Window of Implantation Is Altered in Obese Women Especially in Association with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Bellver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Sterility"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.7101","article-title":"Effect of Testosterone on the Expression of PPAR\u03b3 mRNA in PCOS Patients","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00678.x","article-title":"Impaired Uterine Perfusion Associated with Metabolic Disorders in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Chekir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm011","article-title":"The Role of the Endometrium and Embryo in Human Implantation","volume":"13","author":"Diedrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.38.9.1165","article-title":"Profound Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Independent of Obesity, in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Dunaif","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah207","article-title":"Expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor System in Human Endometrium during the Menstrual Cycle","volume":"11","author":"Ejskjaer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.11.036","article-title":"Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis","volume":"95","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Sterility"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.116","article-title":"Fertile Ground: Human Endometrial Programming and Lessons in Health and Disease","volume":"12","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.04.014","article-title":"Apigenin, a Modulator of PPAR\u03b3, Attenuates HFD-Induced NAFLD by Regulating Hepatocyte Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Activation","volume":"136","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1818","article-title":"Obese Neuronal PPAR\u03b3 Knockout Mice Are Leptin Sensitive but Show Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Fertility","volume":"158","author":"Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-9007(00)00471-8","article-title":"Limits of Body Mass Index to Detect Obesity and Predict Body Composition","volume":"17","author":"Frankenfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.03.005","article-title":"Endometrium in PCOS: Implantation and Predisposition to Endocrine CA","volume":"20","author":"Giudice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217095","article-title":"Flutamide Ameliorates Uterine Decidualization and Angiogenesis in the Mouse Hyperandrogenemia Model during Mid-Pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.115.06946","article-title":"Elevated Testosterone Reduces Uterine Blood Flow, Spiral Artery Elongation, and Placental Oxygenation in Pregnant Rats","volume":"67","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040792","article-title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Homeostasis in Reproductive Physiology and Pathology","volume":"18","author":"Guzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5894768","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5894768","article-title":"Immunophenotypic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"2020","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2016.1197982","article-title":"Molecular Signatures of Ovarian Diseases: Insights from Network Medicine Perspective","volume":"62","author":"Kori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7314","article-title":"Endometrial Blood Flow Is Impaired in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Who Are Clinically Hyperandrogenic","volume":"34","author":"Lam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217495","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217495","article-title":"ETA-mediated Anti-TNF-\u03b1 Therapy Ameliorates the Phenotype of PCOS Model Induced by Letrozole","volume":"14","author":"Lang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559","article-title":"WGCNA: An R Package for Weighted Correlation Network Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Langfelder","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2350","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"98","author":"Legro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2692","article-title":"Discovery of Novel Lipid Profiles in PCOS: Do Insulin and Androgen Oppositely Regulate Bioactive Lipid Production?","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38134","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38134","article-title":"Impaired Receptivity and Decidualization in DHEA-Induced PCOS Mice","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667422","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.667422","article-title":"Central Regulation of PCOS: Abnormal Neuronal-Reproductive-Metabolic Circuits in PCOS Pathophysiology","volume":"12","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms030","article-title":"Overweight, Obesity and Central Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103282","article-title":"Evaluation of Endometrial Immune Status of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"144","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003","article-title":"Criteria, Prevalence, and Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Lizneva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil. Sterility"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5320","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0603","article-title":"MUC1 as a Discriminator between Endometrium from fertile and Infertile Patients with PCOS and Endometriosis","volume":"95","author":"Margarit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032028","article-title":"Evidence for the Presence of Glucose Transporter 4 in the Endometrium and its Regulation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients","volume":"89","author":"Mioni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.08.007","article-title":"Metabolic Characteristics of normal Weight Central Obesity Phenotype Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women: A Large-Scale National Epidemiological Survey","volume":"37","author":"Mu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. BioMedicine Online"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800961","article-title":"Body Mass Index (Weight\/height2) or Percentage Body Fat by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis: Which Variable Better Reflects Serum Lipid Profile?","volume":"23","author":"Nagaya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5614","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160810111528","article-title":"Altered Steroid Metabolism and Insulin Signaling in PCOS Endometria: Impact in Tissue Function","volume":"22","author":"Or\u00f3stica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/s1642-431x(12)60085-0","article-title":"Microarray Profiling of Secretory-Phase Endometrium from Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage","volume":"12","author":"Othman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv029","article-title":"Pregnancy Complications in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Palomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa051","article-title":"Endometrial Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"27","author":"Palomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1923","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem\/Progenitors and Other Endometrial Cell Types from Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Display Inflammatory and Oncogenic Potential","volume":"98","author":"Piltonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01048.x","article-title":"Endometrial Receptivity and Human Embryo Implantation","volume":"66","author":"Rashid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew048","article-title":"Diet-Induced Obesity Impairs Endometrial Stromal Cell Decidualization: A Potential Role for Impaired Autophagy","volume":"31","author":"Rhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00428","article-title":"Neuroendocrine Impairments of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"160","author":"Ruddenklau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.10.005","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: What Is the Role of Obesity?","volume":"53","author":"Salehi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2600","article-title":"Progesterone Resistance in PCOS Endometrium: A Microarray Analysis in Clomiphene Citrate-Treated and Artificial Menstrual Cycles","volume":"96","author":"Savaris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-7-30","article-title":"Endometrial Claudin-4 and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor are Associated with Assisted Reproduction Outcome","volume":"7","author":"Serafini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111430993","article-title":"Endometrial Abnormality in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Shang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models of Biomolecular Interaction Networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml033","article-title":"The Human Endometrium as a Fertility-Determining Factor","volume":"12","author":"Strowitzki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1552582","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Angiogenic Factor Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Tal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.k09e-185","article-title":"GnRH Pulsatility, the Pituitary Response and Reproductive Dysfunction","volume":"56","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0460","article-title":"Endometrial Development and Function in Experimentally Induced Luteal Phase Deficiency","volume":"93","author":"Usadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-3988(10)60049-9","article-title":"Comparison of Body Mass index with Body Fat Percentage in the Evaluation of Obesity in Chinese","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"Appropriate Body-Mass Index for Asian Populations and its Implications for Policy and Intervention Strategies","volume":"363","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00641-z","article-title":"An Update on the Progress of Endometrial Receptivity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","article-title":"Metascape Provides a Biologist-Oriented Resource for the Analysis of Systems-Level Datasets","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.874487\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T09:35:27Z","timestamp":1652434527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.874487\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2022.874487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.874487","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"article-number":"874487"}}