{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:11:12Z","timestamp":1790511072840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aging process in semelparous and iteroparous species is different, but how different? Death in semelparous organisms (e.g., Pacific salmon) results from suicidal reproductive effort (reproductive death). Aging (senescence) in iteroparous organisms such as humans is often viewed as a quite different process. Recent findings suggest that the nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>, widely used to study aging, undergoes reproductive death. In post-reproductive <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> hermaphrodites, intestinal biomass is repurposed to produce yolk which when vented serves as a milk to support larval growth. This apparent benefit of lactation comes at the cost of intestinal atrophy in the mother. Germline removal and inhibition of insulin\/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) suppress <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> reproductive pathology and greatly increase lifespan. Blocking sexual maturity, e.g., by gonadectomy, suppresses reproductive death thereby strongly increasing lifespan in semelparous organisms, but typically has little effect on lifespan in iteroparous ones. Similarly, reduced IIS causes relatively modest increases in lifespan in iteroparous organisms. We argue that the more regulated and plastic mechanisms of senescence in semelparous organisms, involving costly resource reallocation under endocrine control, exist as one extreme of an etiological continuum with mechanisms operative in iteroparous organisms. We suggest that reproductive death evolved by exaggeration of mechanisms operative in iteroparous species, where other mechanisms also promote senescence. Thus, knowledge of <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> senescence can guide understanding of mechanisms contributing to human aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.880343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T07:28:47Z","timestamp":1654759727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Semelparous Death as one Element of Iteroparous Aging Gone Large"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carina C.","family":"Kern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515137113","article-title":"Nuclear Hormone Receptor DHR96 Mediates the Resistance to Xenobiotics but Not the Increased Lifespan of Insulin-Mutant Drosophila","volume":"113","author":"Afschar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00216","article-title":"Growth Hormone Deficiency: Health and Longevity","volume":"40","author":"Aguiar-Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2007.00300.x","article-title":"Alterations in Xenobiotic Metabolism in the Long-Lived Little Mice","volume":"6","author":"Amador-Noguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9728.2004.00125.x","article-title":"Gene Expression Profile of Long-Lived Ames Dwarf Mice and Little Mice","volume":"3","author":"Amador-Noguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i2156","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2156","article-title":"BMI and All Cause Mortality: Systematic Review and Non-linear Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of 230 Cohort Studies with 3.74 Million Deaths Among 30.3 Million Participants","volume":"353","author":"Aune","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru039","article-title":"Autophagy, Plant Senescence, and Nutrient Recycling","volume":"65","author":"Avila-Ospina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2007.00348.x","article-title":"Remarkable Longevity and Stress Resistance of Nematode PI3K-Null Mutants","volume":"7","author":"Ayyadevara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2005.00172.x","article-title":"Lifespan Extension in Hypomorphic Daf-2 Mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans Is Partially Mediated by Glutathione Transferase CeGSTP2-2","volume":"4","author":"Ayyadevara","year":"","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2005.00168.x","article-title":"Lifespan and Stress Resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans Are Increased by Expression of Glutathione Transferases Capable of Metabolizing the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-hydroxynonenal","volume":"4","author":"Ayyadevara","year":"","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180018","article-title":"Growth Hormone and Aging: Updated Review","volume":"37","author":"Bartke","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902882106","article-title":"Collapse of Proteostasis Represents an Early Molecular Event in Caenorhabditis elegans Aging","volume":"106","author":"Ben-Zvi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010814-020834","article-title":"Adenotrophic Viviparity in Tsetse Flies: Potential for Population Control and as an Insect Model for Lactation","volume":"60","author":"Benoit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.5.18.3288","article-title":"Aging and Immortality: Quasi-Programmed Senescence and its Pharmacologic Inhibition","volume":"5","author":"Blagosklonny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.7.21.6965","article-title":"Aging: ROS or TOR","volume":"7","author":"Blagosklonny","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.432","article-title":"NCI's Provocative Questions on Cancer: Some Answers to Ignite Discussion","volume":"2","author":"Blagosklonny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8446(1999)024<0006:psc>2.0.co;2","article-title":"Pacific Salmon Carcasses: Essential Contributions of Nutrients and Energy for Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems","volume":"24","author":"Cederholm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fisheries"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"Was Jeanne Calment the Oldest Person Who Ever Lived\u2014Or a Fraud?","author":"Collins","year":"2020"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.7.7586","article-title":"Assessment of Growth Parameters and Life Span of GHR\/BP Gene-Disrupted Mice1","volume":"141","author":"Coschigano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1134\/s102144371204005x","article-title":"Towards an Integrated View of Monocarpic Plant Senescence","volume":"59","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Russ. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39082","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9681","article-title":"Run-on of Germline Apoptosis Promotes Gonad Senescence in C. elegans","volume":"7","author":"de la Guardia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.2.149","article-title":"Genomes Optimize Reproduction: Aging as a Consequence of the Developmental Program","volume":"20","author":"de Magalh\u00e4es","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-11-11","article-title":"Regulation of Caenorhabditis elegans Vitellogenesis by DAF-2\/IIS through Separable Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Depina","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Physiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0015","article-title":"Plant Senescence and Proteolysis: Two Processes with One Destiny","volume":"39","author":"Diaz-Mendoza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.06.035","article-title":"C. elegans Eats its Own Intestine to Make Yolk Leading to Multiple Senescent Pathologies","volume":"28","author":"Ezcurra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Longevity, Senescence and the Genome","author":"Finch","year":""},{"key":"B26","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Rapid Senescence and Sudden Death, Longevity, Senescence and the Genome","author":"Finch","year":""},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.07.010","article-title":"Integrating Evolutionary and Molecular Genetics of Aging","volume":"1790","author":"Flatt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subj."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201201953","article-title":"Long\u2010term P110\u03b1 PI3K Inactivation Exerts a Beneficial Effect on Metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Foukas","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/118.1.75","article-title":"A Mutation in the Age-1 Gene in Caenorhabditis elegans Lengthens Life and Reduces Hermaphrodite Fertility","volume":"118","author":"Friedman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190730","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0730","article-title":"Death Happy: Adaptive Death and its Evolution by Kin Selection in Organisms with Colonial Ecology","volume":"376","author":"Galimov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1134\/s0006297919120010","article-title":"When and How Can Death Be an Adaptation?","volume":"84","author":"Galimov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Mosc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2006.00226.x","article-title":"Extraordinary Plasticity in Aging in Strongyloides Ratti Implies a Gene-Regulatory Mechanism of Lifespan Evolution","volume":"5","author":"Gardner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/161.3.1101","article-title":"Genetic Analysis of Tissue Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans: a Role for Heat-Shock Factor and Bacterial Proliferation","volume":"161","author":"Garigan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4840","article-title":"Alternative perspectives on aging in C. elegans: Reactive Oxygen Species or Hyperfunction?","volume":"19","author":"Gems","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101407","article-title":"The Hoverfly and the Wasp: A Critique of the Hallmarks of Aging as a Paradigm","volume":"70","author":"Gems","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.11.8595","article-title":"Antioxidant Defense and Aging in C. Elegans: Is the Oxidative Damage Theory of Aging Wrong?","volume":"8","author":"Gems","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688788","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.688788","article-title":"Reproductive Suicide: Similar Mechanisms of Aging in C. elegans and Pacific Salmon","volume":"9","author":"Gems","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2004.09.001","article-title":"Broad Spectrum Detoxification: the Major Longevity Assurance Process Regulated by insulin\/IGF-1 Signaling?","volume":"126","author":"Gems","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101557","article-title":"Understanding Hyperfunction: An Emerging Paradigm for the Biology of Aging","volume":"74","author":"Gems","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53174","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.53174","article-title":"NHR-8 and P-Glycoproteins Uncouple Xenobiotic Resistance from Longevity in Chemosensory C. elegans Mutants","volume":"10","author":"Guerrero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70ra13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001845","article-title":"Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency Is Associated with a Major Reduction in Pro-aging Signaling, Cancer, and Diabetes in Humans","volume":"3","author":"Guevara-Aguirre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-019-00755-8","article-title":"Longevity and Mortality of Captive Chimpanzees in Japan from 1921 to 2018","volume":"60","author":"Havercamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01135","article-title":"Stochastic and Genetic Factors Influence Tissue-specific Decline in Ageing C. elegans","volume":"419","author":"Herndon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.11.1385","article-title":"The Daf\u20102 Gene Network for Longevity Regulates Oxidative Stress Resistance and Mn\u2010superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"13","author":"Honda","year":"1999","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412759111","article-title":"Obesity Accelerates Epigenetic Aging of Human Liver","volume":"111","author":"Horvath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/20694","article-title":"Signals from the Reproductive System Regulate the Lifespan of C. elegans","volume":"399","author":"Hsin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083701","article-title":"Regulation of Aging and Age-Related Disease by DAF-16 and Heat-Shock Factor","volume":"300","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8232","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3341","article-title":"Between Semelparity and Iteroparity: Empirical Evidence for a Continuum of Modes of Parity","volume":"7","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2012.01.009","article-title":"Siliceous Deep-Sea Sponge Monorhaphis Chuni: A Potential Paleoclimate Archive in Ancient Animals","author":"Jochum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.05.001","article-title":"With TOR, Less Is More: a Key Role for the Conserved Nutrient-Sensing TOR Pathway in Aging","volume":"11","author":"Kapahi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/366461a0","article-title":"A C. elegans Mutant that Lives Twice as Long as Wild Type","volume":"366","author":"Kenyon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08980","article-title":"The Genetics of Ageing","volume":"464","author":"Kenyon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B53","article-title":"C. elegans Hermaphrodites Undergo Semelparous Reproductive Death","author":"Kern","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25821-y","article-title":"C. elegans Feed Yolk to Their Young in a Form of Primitive Lactation","volume":"12","author":"Kern","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1979.0083","article-title":"The Evolution of Ageing and Longevity","volume":"205","author":"Kirkwood","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(77)90043-4","article-title":"Aging in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: Major Biological and Environmental Factors Influencing Life Span","volume":"6","author":"Klass","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-7","article-title":"Proteostasis and Longevity: when Does Aging Really Begin?","volume":"6","author":"Labbadia","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.06.027","article-title":"Repression of the Heat Shock Response Is a Programmed Event at the Onset of Reproduction","volume":"59","author":"Labbadia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/s0047-6374(01)00422-5","article-title":"Stress Resistance as a Determinate of C. elegans Lifespan","volume":"123","author":"Lithgow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.01.008","article-title":"Does Senescence Promote Fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans by Causing Death?","volume":"50","author":"Lohr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20191604","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.1604","article-title":"Evolution of Ageing as a Tangle of Trade-Offs: Energy versus Function","volume":"286","author":"Maklakov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2013.04.018","article-title":"Diploptera Punctata as a Model for Studying the Endocrinology of Arthropod Reproduction and Development","volume":"188","author":"Marchal","year":"2013","journal-title":"General Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(97)00113-7","article-title":"Mortality Patterns Suggest Lack of Senescence in hydra","volume":"33","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.03.012","article-title":"Overview of Caloric Restriction and Ageing","volume":"126","author":"Masoro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14063","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14063","article-title":"Caloric Restriction Improves Health and Survival of Rhesus Monkeys","volume":"8","author":"Mattison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11432","article-title":"Impact of Caloric Restriction on Health and Survival in Rhesus Monkeys from the NIA Study","volume":"489","author":"Mattison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R132","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-7-r132","article-title":"Evolutionary Conservation of Regulated Longevity Assurance Mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"McElwee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100448","article-title":"cep-1\/p53-dependent Dysplastic Pathology of the Aging C. elegans Gonad","volume":"4","author":"McGee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2011.00713.x","article-title":"Loss of Intestinal Nuclei and Intestinal Integrity in Aging C. elegans","volume":"10","author":"McGee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B70","volume-title":"An Unsolved Problem of Biology","author":"Medawar","year":"1952"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.08.005","article-title":"Calorie Restriction in Humans: An Update","volume":"39","author":"Most","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01789","article-title":"Genes that Act Downstream of DAF-16 to Influence the Lifespan of C. elegans","volume":"424","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1126\/science.45.1160.294","article-title":"The Effect of Retardation of Growth upon the Breeding Period and Duration of Life of Rats","volume":"45","author":"Osborne","year":"1917","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.02.008","article-title":"Beyond the Evolutionary Theory of Ageing, from Functional Genomics to Evo-Gero","volume":"21","author":"Partridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/366404a0","article-title":"Methuselah Among Nematodes","volume":"366","author":"Partridge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7115.1030","article-title":"There Is No Such Thing as Aging","volume":"315","author":"Peto","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0024-8","article-title":"Caloric Restriction Increases Lifespan but Affects Brain Integrity in Grey Mouse lemur Primates","volume":"1","author":"Pifferi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030057","article-title":"Dietary Restriction in Drosophila: Delayed Aging or Experimental Artefact?","volume":"3","author":"Piper","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095634","article-title":"Chemical Complexity and the Genetics of Aging","volume":"38","author":"Pletcher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1300","article-title":"The Effects of Body Size and Sexual Dimorphism on the Reproductive Behaviour of Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka","volume":"48","author":"Quinn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2012.00612.x","article-title":"Transient Facial Swellings in a Patient with a Remote African Travel History","volume":"19","author":"Richardson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.47.4.609","article-title":"Prolongation of the Life Span of Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka Kennerlyi) by Castration before Beginning of Gonad Development","volume":"47","author":"Robertson","year":"1961","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(62)90044-8","article-title":"Histological Changes in the Organs and Tissues of Senile Castrated Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka Kennerlyi)","volume":"2","author":"Robertson","year":"1962","journal-title":"General Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.9.4.826","article-title":"Degenerative Changes in the Cardiovascular System of the Spawning Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","volume":"9","author":"Robertson","year":"1961","journal-title":"Circulation Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5358.1831h","article-title":"The Oldest Human","volume":"279","author":"Robine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00266","article-title":"Obesity May Accelerate the Aging Process","volume":"10","author":"Salvestrini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15701","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521002112","article-title":"Constant Mortality and Fertility over Age in Hydra","volume":"112","author":"Schaible","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628157","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.628157","article-title":"Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Lifespan: a Comprehensive Review of Comparative and Experimental Studies","volume":"9","author":"Shields","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2013.04.007","article-title":"A Cytoprotective Perspective on Longevity Regulation","volume":"23","author":"Shore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2011.00707.x","article-title":"dFOXO-Independent Effects of Reduced Insulin-like Signaling inDrosophila","volume":"10","author":"Slack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz067","article-title":"Production of YP170 Vitellogenins Promotes Intestinal Senescence in C. elegans","volume":"74","author":"Sornda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2145","article-title":"The Physiological Costs of Reproduction in Small Mammals","volume":"363","author":"Speakman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5761-9","volume-title":"The Eel","author":"Tesch","year":"1977"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699671","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.699671","article-title":"Germline Stem and Progenitor Cell Aging in C. elegans","volume":"9","author":"Tolkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2920605","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"292","author":"Vanfleteren","year":"1993","journal-title":"Caenorhabditis Elegansbiochem. J."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183715","article-title":"Genome Instability and Aging","volume":"75","author":"Vijg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B281","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.7.b281","article-title":"Heat Shock Protein Accumulation Is Upregulated in a Long-Lived Mutant of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"56","author":"Walker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journals Gerontology Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-018-0025-3","article-title":"A Parthenogenetic Quasi-Program Causes Teratoma-like Tumors during Aging in Wild-type C. elegans","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"npj Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(79)90069-1","article-title":"Fertilization and Sperm Competition in the nematodeCaenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"73","author":"Ward","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02911.x","article-title":"Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"1957","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(91)90006-j","article-title":"Ecology and Evolution of Long-Lived Semelparous Plants","volume":"6","author":"Young","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2018.2167","article-title":"Evidence that Jeanne Calment Died in 1934-Not 1997","volume":"22","author":"Zak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0247-0","article-title":"Genetics of Extreme Human Longevity to Guide Drug Discovery for Healthy Ageing","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.880343\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T07:28:54Z","timestamp":1654759734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.880343\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2022.880343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.880343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"article-number":"880343"}}