{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:00:31Z","timestamp":1776916831219,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The immune system plays a crucial role in rectal adenocarcinoma (READ). Immune-related genes may help predict READ prognoses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and GSE56699 were used as the training and validation datasets, respectively, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The optimal DEG combination was determined, and the prognostic risk model was constructed. The correlation between optimal DEGs and immune infiltrating cells was evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Nine DEGs were selected for analysis. Moreover, <jats:italic>ADAMDEC1<\/jats:italic> showed a positive correlation with six immune infiltrates, most notably with B cells and dendritic cells. <jats:italic>F13A1<\/jats:italic> was also positively correlated with six immune infiltrates, particularly macrophage and dendritic cells, whereas <jats:italic>LGALS9C<\/jats:italic> was negatively correlated with all immune infiltrates except B cells. Additionally, the prognostic risk model was strongly correlated with the actual situation. We retained only three prognosis risk factors: age, pathologic stage, and prognostic risk model. The stratified analysis revealed that lower ages and pathologic stages have a better prognosis with READ. Age and mRNA prognostic factors were the most important factors in determining the possibility of 3- and 5-year survival.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> In summary, we identified a nine-gene prognosis risk model that is applicable to the treatment of READ. Altogether, characteristics such as the gene signature and age have a strong predictive value for prognosis risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.880945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T14:56:17Z","timestamp":1652885777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of mRNA Signature for Predicting Prognosis Risk of Rectal Adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Linlin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.54343","article-title":"The Immune Contexture of Primary central Nervous System Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Associates with Patient Survival and Specific Cell Signaling","volume":"11","author":"Alame","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nm733","article-title":"Gene-expression Profiles Predict Survival of Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Beer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180015","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.15","article-title":"ImmPort, toward Repurposing of Open Access Immunological Assay Data for Translational and Clinical Research","volume":"5","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102448","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Rectal Cancer-Novel Biomarker of Tumor Immunogenicity during Radiotherapy or Confounding Variable?","volume":"20","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ijms"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2006.08.003","article-title":"Predictive Poor Prognostic Factors in Colonic Carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Burton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1080\/07357907.2016.1229332","article-title":"Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (D-NLR) Predict Non-responders and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery after Neo-Adjuvant Radio-Chemotherapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Caputo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.17930","article-title":"A Critical Reappraisal for the Value of Tumor Size as a Prognostic Variable in Rectal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000438430.15553.90","article-title":"Infliximab Restores the Dysfunctional Matrix Remodeling Protein and Growth Factor Gene Expression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"20","author":"de Bruyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"171","article-title":"Rectal Cancer: a Review","volume":"29","author":"Fazeli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. J. Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2003.01754.x","article-title":"Inverse Regulation of the ADAM-Family Members, Decysin and MADDAM\/ADAM19 during Monocyte Differentiation","volume":"110","author":"Fritsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801384","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201801384","article-title":"Prediction of Driver Modules via Balancing Exclusive Coverages of Mutations in Cancer Samples","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.06.015","article-title":"PD-L1 Is Upregulated by Radiochemotherapy in Rectal Adenocarcinoma Patients and Associated with a Favourable Prognosis","volume":"65","author":"Hecht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"10","article-title":"A Ten-N6-Methyladenosine (m6A)-Modified Gene Signature Based on a Risk Score System Predicts Patient Prognosis in Rectum Adenocarcinoma","author":"Huang","year":"2020"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.10","article-title":"Calreticulin Couples with Immune Checkpoints in Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Translational Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90219-5","article-title":"The Macrophage and B Cell-specific Transcription Factor PU.1 Is Related to the Ets Oncogene","volume":"61","author":"Klemsz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577125","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.577125","article-title":"Development of a Metastasis-Related Immune Prognostic Model of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and its Usefulness to Immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cel. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-187","article-title":"Metastatic Susceptibility Locus, an 8p Hot-Spot for Tumour Progression Disrupted in Colorectal Liver Metastases: 13 Candidate Genes Examined at the DNA, mRNA and Protein Level","volume":"8","author":"Macartney-Coxson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC cancer"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.06.001","article-title":"Biomarkers of Response to PD-1\/pd-L1 Inhibition","volume":"116","author":"Maleki Vareki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. oncology\/hematology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-3751-8","article-title":"Long-term Oncologic Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Proctectomy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Merchea","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.05.041","article-title":"Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Colorectal Cancer Using the CITED1 Expression","volume":"185","author":"Nasu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000229695.68416.76","article-title":"Novel Candidate Genes in Unstable Areas of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques","volume":"26","author":"Papaspyridonos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atvb"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0904-0","article-title":"A Gene Expression Profile Related to Immune Dampening in the Tumor Microenvironment Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Gastric Adenocarcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Pasini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000149","article-title":"Complete Neoadjuvant Treatment for Rectal Cancer","volume":"40","author":"Perez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-015-2011-5","article-title":"CITED4 Gene Silencing in Colorectal Cancer Cells Modulates Adherens\/tight junction Gene Expression and Reduces Cell Proliferation","volume":"142","author":"Rogers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/12.3.191","article-title":"Functional Analysis of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domains and a Linker Peptide of Galectin-9 as to Eosinophil Chemoattractant Activity","volume":"12","author":"Sato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87292","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19823","article-title":"Identification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Specific Dysregulated Genes with Diagnostic and Prognostic Value across 27 TCGA Cancer Types","volume":"8","author":"Shang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.45813","article-title":"A Prognostic Model Based on the Immune-Related Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i21.3249","article-title":"Early Dynamic Transcriptomic Changes during Preoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer: a Feasibility Study","volume":"19","author":"Supiot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wjg"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.639874","article-title":"A Four-Gene-Based Prognostic Model Predicts Overall Survival in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3892\/or.18.6.1537","article-title":"Increased Risk for Oral Cancer Is Associated with Coagulation Factor XIII but Not with Factor XII","volume":"18","author":"Vairaktaris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.63.4.405","article-title":"Transcription Factors that Regulate Monocyte\/macrophage Differentiation","volume":"63","author":"Valledor","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(95)00431-9","article-title":"The Drosophila melanogaster Tumor Suppressor Gene Lethal(3)malignant Brain Tumor Encodes a Proline-Rich Protein with a Novel Zinc finger","volume":"53","author":"Wismar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2147\/ott.s188913","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Potential Prognostic Genes for the Construction of a Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Network in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","author":"Yue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ott"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9411","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3683-9","article-title":"High Expression of CD39\/ENTPD1 in Malignant Epithelial Cells of Human Rectal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3212-x","article-title":"The Expression and Clinical Significance of CD73 Molecule in Human Rectal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2017-0540","article-title":"Overexpression of SLC7A11: a Novel Oncogene and an Indicator of Unfavorable Prognosis for Liver Carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11020172","article-title":"Potential Applications of DNA, RNA and Protein Biomarkers in Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis for Colorectal Cancer: a Study from Databases to AI-Assisted Verification","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2018.6296","article-title":"Construction of a ceRNA Network Reveals Potential lncRNA Biomarkers in Rectal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26531","article-title":"DNA Methylation Biomarkers for the Occurrence of Lung Adenocarcinoma from TCGA Data Mining","volume":"233","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cel Physiol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-018-0724-7","article-title":"Identification of a 6-gene Signature Predicting Prognosis for Colorectal Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cel Int"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.880945\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T14:56:22Z","timestamp":1652885782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.880945\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2022.880945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.880945","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"article-number":"880945"}}