{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T16:06:11Z","timestamp":1775923571928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-\u03b2-lactam encoding genes of <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> species isolated from infected dogs in Ismailia province, Egypt. The study was conducted on 70 fecal swabs collected from dogs with diarrhea for bacteriological identification of <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> The positive isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, molecular tests of virulence, ESBLs, and non-\u03b2-lactam encoding genes. Prevalence of <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> spp. was 35.7% (25\/70), including <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 23) and <jats:italic>Proteus vulgaris<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2). The <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> prevalence revealed diversity, higher in males than females, in ages &amp;lt; 12\u00a0weeks. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance was found against penicillin and amoxicillin (100%), amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid (32%), cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftazidime (36%), and monobactam: aztreonam (28%) as ESBLs, in addition to tetracycline (32%) and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (100%). The strains retrieved by PCR revealed <jats:italic>ure<\/jats:italic>C, <jats:italic>zap<\/jats:italic>A, and <jats:italic>rsb<\/jats:italic>A virulence genes with variant prevalence as 92%, 60%, and 52%, respectively. In addition, the recovered strains contained ESBL genes with a dramatic variable prevalence of 100%, 92%, 36%, and 32%, to <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-1<\/jats:sub>, respectively, and non \u03b2-lactam encoding genes with a prevalence of 100%, 48%, 44%, 20%, and 12%, to <jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>1, <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>int<\/jats:italic>I1, <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>A, and <jats:italic>aad<\/jats:italic>A1. Moreover, 28% (7\/25) of recovering strains were MDR (multidrug-resistant) up to four classes of antimicrobials, and 48% (12\/25) of the examined strains were MDR up to three antimicrobial classes. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, our study could be the first report recording MDR <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> spp. in dogs in Egypt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.952689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T13:38:51Z","timestamp":1665063531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence, antibiotic profile, virulence determinants, ESBLs, and non-\u03b2-lactam encoding genes of MDR Proteus spp. isolated from infected dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Reham M.","family":"El-Tarabili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsayyad M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada K.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha A.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahlam H.","family":"AlRokban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Naguib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadeq K.","family":"Alhag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamer Mohamed","family":"El Feky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Ezzat","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2431-8","article-title":"The impact of production of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases on the 28-day mortality rate of patients with Proteus mirabilis bacteremia in Korea","volume":"17","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. 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