{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:46:39Z","timestamp":1779313599945,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Autosomal dominant mental retardation type 5 (MRD5), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), and epilepsy predominantly, is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> gene. <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> mutations have been rarely reported in the Chinese population. Here, we present an investigation of <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> mutations in a clinical cohort with ID and DD in Shandong, a northern province in China, to further explore the genotype and phenotype correlations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A retrospective study was conducted on 10 children with <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> mutations presenting ID, DD, and epilepsy who were diagnosed between January 2014 and May 2022. Clinical data and genetic tests were collected. Treatment and regular follow-ups were carried out to pay close attention to the prognosis of the patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> We described 10 unrelated affected individuals with <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> mutations, displaying ID, DD, epilepsy, or seizures. All mutations of <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> in the 10 patients were <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>, except patient 3 whose father was unavailable, including five nonsense mutations, two frameshift mutations, two splicing mutations, and one codon deletion. Among these mutations, five were novel and the other five were previously reported. Significantly, all patients with epilepsy were sensitive to anti-seizure drugs, especially sodium valproate. Furthermore, rehabilitation training seemed to exert a more improved effect on motor development than language development for the patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold> The 10 patients carrying <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> mutations were diagnosed as MRD5. Five novel genetic mutations were found, which expanded the mutational spectrum of the <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic> gene. The identification of these mutations in this study helps explore the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes and contributes to genetic counseling and therapeutic intervention for patients with MRD5.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.957915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T06:24:57Z","timestamp":1670912697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Phenotype and genotype analyses of Chinese patients with autosomal dominant mental retardation type 5 caused by SYNGAP1 gene mutations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqiang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zilong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaifen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongtao","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.08.001","article-title":"Syngap1 haploinsufficiency damages a postnatal critical period of pyramidal cell structural maturation linked to cortical circuit assembly","volume":"77","author":"Aceti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. 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