{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:23:48Z","timestamp":1775892228391,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) are common disorders characterized by the ossification of spinal ligaments. The cause for this ossification is currently unknown but a genetic contribution has been hypothesized. Over the last decade, many studies on the genetics of ectopic calcification disorders have been performed, mainly on OPLL. Most of these studies were based on linkage analysis and case control association studies. Animal models have provided some clues but so far, the involvement of the identified genes has not been confirmed in human cases. In the last few years, many common variants in several genes have been associated with OPLL. However, these associations have not been at definitive levels of significance and evidence of functional significance is generally modest. The current evidence suggests a multifactorial aetiopathogenesis for DISH and OPLL with a subset of cases showing a stronger genetic component.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.987867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T06:33:57Z","timestamp":1665124437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evidence for a genetic contribution to the ossification of spinal ligaments in Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament and Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Parreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Madruga Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Novofastovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Eshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piercarlo","family":"Sarzi-Puttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pappone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Atzeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorrit-Jan","family":"Verlaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonneke","family":"Kuperus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Bieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asim","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reuven","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xenofon","family":"Baraliakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1come","family":"Bruges-Armas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"645","article-title":"[2 new familial cases of ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis]","volume":"52","author":"Abiteboul","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev. Rhum. Mal. Osteoartic."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Growth hormone secretion in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"7","author":"Altomonte","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Ital. Med. Int."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"2968","article-title":"Association between ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis and frontalis interna hyperostosis","volume":"7","author":"Arlet","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nouv. Presse Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0303-0","article-title":"Degenerative cervical myelopathy - update and future directions","volume":"16","author":"Badhiwala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-22-0016","article-title":"Current understanding of tandem spinal stenosis: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and surgical strategy","volume":"7","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.28.5.518","article-title":"Familial ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis with tylosis","volume":"28","author":"Beardwell","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2007.10.002","volume":"37","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C808","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00243.2015","article-title":"Novel regulation of equlibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) by receptor-stimulated Ca2+-dependent calmodulin binding","volume":"310","author":"Bicket","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"595","article-title":"Hip and spinal ossification enthesopathies induced by etretinate therapy in peripheral psoriatic arthritis","volume":"58","author":"Bologna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Rhum. Mal. Osteoartic."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12371","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of the spine in a nine-year-old cat","volume":"57","author":"Bossens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(73)91360-3","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and HL-A 27","volume":"1","author":"Brewerton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.178.3.1994435","article-title":"Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the ligamentum flavum: Evaluation with MR imaging and CT","volume":"178","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21727","article-title":"Ectopic calcification among families in the Azores: Clinical and radiologic manifestations in families with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and chondrocalcinosis","volume":"54","author":"Bruges-Armas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17506","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(18)38193-6","article-title":"Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. cDNA cloning of the human molecule, amino acid sequence, and chromosomal location","volume":"265","author":"Buckley","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15718","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.344994","article-title":"A2B adenosine receptor promotes mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts and bone formation in vivo","volume":"287","author":"Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(87)90023-7","article-title":"Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase of rabbit matrix vesicles, a mechanism for the generation of inorganic pyrophosphate in epiphyseal cartilage","volume":"924","author":"Caswell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(88)90080-3","article-title":"Evidence that ecto-nucleoside-triphosphate pyrophosphatase serves in the generation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate in human bone and articular cartilage","volume":"966","author":"Caswell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22068","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22068","article-title":"Role of Runx2 polymorphisms in risk and prognosis of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"31","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5663-4","article-title":"Combined use of leptin and mechanical stress has osteogenic effects on ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26962","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26962","article-title":"Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals multiple deleterious variants in OPLL-associated genes","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8985","DOI":"10.1021\/es800975u","article-title":"Age-related differences in pulmonary and cardiovascular responses to SiO2 nanoparticle inhalation: Nanotoxicity has susceptible population","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1747-4","article-title":"Association of VKORC1-1639g>A polymorphism with susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: A Korean study","volume":"155","author":"Chin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2011.5.4.267","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: A review of literature","volume":"5","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-013-2933-4","article-title":"Association between BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) gene polymorphism and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Korean population","volume":"41","author":"Chon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"227","article-title":"Vertebral hyperostosis and hyperostosis frontalis interna","volume":"52","author":"Ciocci","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev. Rhum. Mal. Osteoartic."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00360796","article-title":"Case report 237: Gout associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)","volume":"10","author":"Constantz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17041","DOI":"10.1038\/hgv.2017.41","article-title":"Combined approach for finding susceptibility genes in DISH\/chondrocalcinosis families: Whole-genome-wide linkage and IBS\/IBD studies","volume":"4","author":"Couto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Genome Var."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab270","article-title":"Multifocal calcific periarthritis with distinctive clinical and radiological features in patients with CD73 deficiency","volume":"61","author":"Cudrici","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/s0720-048x(97)00164-2","article-title":"Paravertebral ligamentous ossification: DISH, OPLL and OLF","volume":"27","author":"Ehara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308744101","article-title":"Serum leptin level is a regulator of bone mass","volume":"101","author":"Elefteriou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780210512","article-title":"Calcium pyrophosphate deposition in ligamentum flavum","volume":"21","author":"Ellman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.08.007","article-title":"Cole disease results from mutations in ENPP1","volume":"93","author":"Eytan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0864-4","article-title":"Roles and mechanisms of leptin in osteogenic stimulation in cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken493","article-title":"The 'gout' of the Medici, grand dukes of florence: A palaeopathological study","volume":"48","author":"Fornaciari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.04.056","article-title":"The \"gout of the Medici\": Making the modern diagnosis using paleopathology","volume":"528","author":"Fornaciari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.9.4.321","article-title":"Senile ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine","volume":"9","author":"Forrestier","year":"1950","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"653","article-title":"Peripheral hyperostosis in rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of axial involvement","volume":"8","author":"Forster","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"1013","article-title":"A case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) with hyperostosis frontalis interna","volume":"27","author":"Fukunishi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1988.tb01973.x","article-title":"Schizophrenic psychosis with a tendency of systemic ossification","volume":"42","author":"Fukunishi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.128","article-title":"Large-scale screening for candidate genes of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"17","author":"Furushima","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033852","article-title":"A family with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"64","author":"Gorman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-014-0103-6","article-title":"Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of IL15RA gene with susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1538-z","article-title":"Simultaneous ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the ligamentum flavum causing upper thoracic myelopathy in DISH: Case report and literature review","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.09.016","article-title":"Mineralisation of collagen rich soft tissues and osteocyte lacunae in Enpp1(-\/-) mice","volume":"69","author":"Hajjawi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199501150-00014","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Autosomal recessive trait","volume":"20","author":"Hamanishi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.4238\/2013.February.28.26","article-title":"Association of transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Korean patients","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670200093","article-title":"Collagen type I(alpha 1) and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"21","author":"Havelka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B48","first-page":"902","article-title":"Are DISH and OPLL genetically related?","volume":"60","author":"Havelka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.4238\/2013.October.18.3","article-title":"Association of NPP1 polymorphism with postoperative progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Chinese patients","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088818","article-title":"Aberrant bone density in aging mice lacking the adenosine transporter ENT1","volume":"9","author":"Hinton","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-006-0170-9","article-title":"A large-scale genetic association study of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"119","author":"Horikoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000445061","article-title":"Rare genetic forms of obesity: Clinical approach and current treatments in 2016","volume":"9","author":"Huvenne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes. Facts"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1688-7","article-title":"Association between serum leptin and bone metabolic markers, and the development of heterotopic ossification of the spinal ligament in female patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"20","author":"Ikeda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B54","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Tiptoe walking (ttw) mouse","author":"Ikegawa","year":"2007"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051088","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): A cross-sectional study of 1519 Japanese individuals","volume":"12","author":"Ikuma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn. (Basel)"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"405","article-title":"Coexistence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis in two patients","volume":"13","author":"Jattiot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.05.031","article-title":"TGFBR2 gene polymorphism is associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"20","author":"Jekarl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.896104","article-title":"Radiological features of long-standing hypoparathyroidism","volume":"81","author":"John","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol. J. Radiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-1068-9","article-title":"The coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis--a postmortem diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Jordana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2012.52.1.7","article-title":"Association study of fibroblast growth factor 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptors gene polymorphism in Korean ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament patients","volume":"52","author":"Jun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200106010-00017","article-title":"Association between a polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene and genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Japanese patients","volume":"26","author":"Kamiya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine 1976"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-012-0404-y","article-title":"A genome-wide sib-pair linkage analysis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"31","author":"Karasugi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Metab."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16876","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208017109","article-title":"Crystal structure of Enpp1, an extracellular glycoprotein involved in bone mineralization and insulin signaling","volume":"109","author":"Kato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000068245.27017.9F","article-title":"Association between polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with the radiologic characteristic and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"28","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine 1976"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.05.016","article-title":"Association between interleukin 15 receptor, alpha (IL15RA) polymorphism and Korean patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2014.38.1.1","article-title":"The insertion\/deletion polymorphism of Angiotensin I converting Enzyme gene is associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the Korean population","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.4238\/2014.March.31.4","article-title":"Association between BMP-2 and COL6A1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine in Korean patients and family members","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2012.714437","article-title":"Association of interferon gamma polymorphism with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the Korean population","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Invest."},{"key":"B69","first-page":"2460","article-title":"Prevalence of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E553","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817e9de2","article-title":"FokI variant of vitamin D receptor gene and factors related to atherosclerosis associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: A multi-hospital case-control study","volume":"33","author":"Kobashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine 1976"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1086\/301868","article-title":"Genetic mapping of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"62","author":"Koga","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b761c","article-title":"COL6A1 polymorphisms associated with ossification of the ligamentum flavum and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"32","author":"Kong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine 1976"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.138","article-title":"Nucleotide pyrophosphatase gene polymorphism associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"17","author":"Koshizuka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00011224","article-title":"Coexistence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis: A case report","volume":"21","author":"Kozanoglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1280-6","article-title":"The dog as an animal model for DISH?","volume":"19","author":"Kranenburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu012","article-title":"Naturally occurring spinal hyperostosis in dogs as a model for human spinal disorders","volume":"55","author":"Kranenburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key211","article-title":"Simultaneous occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: A systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Kuperus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-9260(89)80101-1","article-title":"Diffuse skeletal hyperostosis in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism","volume":"40","author":"Lambert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.01.010","article-title":"Autosomal-recessive hypophosphatemic rickets is associated with an inactivation mutation in the ENPP1 gene","volume":"86","author":"Levy-Litan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.022","article-title":"Management of thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament combined with ossification of the ligamentum flavum-a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0159756","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159756","article-title":"Association of miR-146a, miR-149, miR-196a2, and miR-499 polymorphisms with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541250","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and new bone formation in male gouty subjects. A radiologic study","volume":"2","author":"Littlejohn","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1298","article-title":"Leptin promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells from female mice by increasing RANKL expression","volume":"155","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1511-5","article-title":"RUNX2 polymorphisms associated with OPLL and OLF in the Han population","volume":"468","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key211","article-title":"Simultaneous occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier-Rotes-Querol disease)","volume":"57","author":"Macia-Villa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reumatol. Clin."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.165","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: Clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Mader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.5.948","article-title":"Functional impact of human collagen alpha2(XI) gene polymorphism in pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"16","author":"Maeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s100380170117","article-title":"Gender-specific haplotype association of collagen alpha2 (XI) gene in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"46","author":"Maeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B89","first-page":"1978","article-title":"Simultaneous occurrence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis in the same patient","volume":"19","author":"Maertens","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B90","first-page":"2062","article-title":"Absence of an association of rheumatoid arthritis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: A case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Mata","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B91","volume-title":"Opll: Disease entity, incidence, literature search, and prognosis","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2006"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199905150-00002","article-title":"Genetic analysis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"24","author":"Matsunaga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B93","first-page":"521","article-title":"Paget's disease, ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis and hyperostosis frontalis interna","volume":"54","author":"Mazi\u00e8res","year":"1978","journal-title":"Sem. Hop."},{"key":"B94","first-page":"2537","article-title":"T allele at site 6007 of bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene increases genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in male Chinese Han population","volume":"123","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.2.7071348","article-title":"Ossification of spinal ligaments causing thoracic radiculomyelopathy","volume":"143","author":"Miyasaka","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1038\/43185","article-title":"Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans","volume":"387","author":"Montague","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B97","first-page":"361","article-title":"Coexistence of Paget's bone disease and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in males","volume":"11","author":"Morales","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B98","first-page":"292","article-title":"Simultaneous occurrence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"63","author":"Moreno","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev. Rhum. Engl. Ed."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200001000-00047","article-title":"Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease causing thoracic cord compression: Case report","volume":"46","author":"Muthukumar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.05.018","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of RSPO2 as a susceptibility gene for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"99","author":"Nakajima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3045","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"46","author":"Nakajima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050993","article-title":"Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL)","volume":"104","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00302","article-title":"Generalized arterial calcification of infancy and pseudoxanthoma elasticum: Two sides of the same coin","volume":"3","author":"Nitschke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15842","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412891200","article-title":"Critical regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-induced osteoblastic differentiation by Delta1\/Jagged1-activated Notch1 signaling","volume":"280","author":"Nobta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E675","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000913","article-title":"Degenerative cervical myelopathy: Epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Nouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.4.500","article-title":"Human retinoic X receptor beta: Complete genomic sequence and mutation search for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"14","author":"Numasawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208150-00015","article-title":"Association of bone metabolism regulatory factor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and its severity","volume":"27","author":"Ogata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine 1976"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150606","article-title":"Orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of zucker fatty rats: A possible animal model for ossification of the human posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"15","author":"Okano","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/956","article-title":"Mutation in Npps in a mouse model of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"19","author":"Okawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(197605\/06)19:3+<293:aid-art1780190704>3.0.co;2-r","article-title":"Pseudogout: Clinical observations and chemical analyses of deposits","volume":"19","author":"Okazaki","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208043","article-title":"Coexisting diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"10","author":"Olivieri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B112","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: Another report","volume":"14","author":"Olivieri","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B113","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Concomitant ankylosing spondylitis and DISH","volume":"16","author":"Olivieri","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E389","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000059","article-title":"Surgical treatment for thoracic myelopathy due to simultaneous ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum at the same level","volume":"29","author":"Onishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-9525(99)01958-7","article-title":"Canine genetics comes of age","volume":"16","author":"Ostrander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"B116","first-page":"116","article-title":"Whole exome sequencing of patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and calcium pyrophosphate crystal chondrocalcinosis","volume":"45","author":"Parreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol. Port."},{"key":"B117","first-page":"61","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of the cervical spine in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Description of a personal case","volume":"6","author":"Passiu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Ital. Med. Int."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0596-18","article-title":"Leptin receptor missense mutation in the fatty Zucker rat","volume":"13","author":"Phillips","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901408010116","article-title":"Metabolic factors in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis - a review of clinical data","volume":"8","author":"Pillai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Rheumatol. J."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_247_2022","article-title":"A case of cervical OPLL and DISH mimicking stroke","volume":"13","author":"Prabhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2017.2","article-title":"Two novel BMP-2 variants identified in patients with thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum","volume":"25","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06932-y","article-title":"Association analysis and functional study of COL6A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the Chinese Han population","volume":"30","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205149","article-title":"A gain of function mutation in TNFRSF11B encoding osteoprotegerin causes osteoarthritis with chondrocalcinosis","volume":"74","author":"Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21586","article-title":"A new haplotype in BMP4 implicated in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in a Chinese population","volume":"30","author":"Ren","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40587","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040587","article-title":"Association of a BMP9 haplotype with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in a Chinese population","volume":"7","author":"Ren","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780210101","article-title":"Radiographic abnormalities of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"21","author":"Resnick","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.1.6089266","article-title":"Vertebral involvement in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Radiographic-pathological correlation","volume":"153","author":"Resnick","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(78)90036-7","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) [ankylosing hyperostosis of Forestier and Rotes-Querol]","volume":"7","author":"Resnick","year":"1978","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02032103","article-title":"Coexistence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"8","author":"Rillo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31828b663b","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: A unique association in a young female","volume":"346","author":"Rivas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1221","article-title":"Mutations in ENPP1 are associated with 'idiopathic' infantile arterial calcification","volume":"34","author":"Rutsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.06.029","article-title":"A patient with hypophosphatemic rickets and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament caused by a novel homozygous mutation in ENPP1 gene","volume":"49","author":"Saito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199111000-00001","article-title":"Genetic study of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine with human leukocyte antigen haplotype","volume":"16","author":"Sakou","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38864","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in royal Egyptian mummies of 18th -20th dynasties? CT and archaeology studies","volume":"66","author":"Saleem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/31.8.531","article-title":"The prevalence of palpable finger joint nodules in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). A controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Schlapbach","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304052881403","article-title":"High association of an HL-A antigen, W27, with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"288","author":"Schlosstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.08.005","article-title":"NPP-Type ectophosphodiesterases: Unity in diversity","volume":"30","author":"Stefan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends biochem. Sci."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000160686.18321.ad","article-title":"The extent of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine associated with nucleotide pyrophosphatase gene and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms","volume":"30","author":"Tahara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04851-z","article-title":"Association between diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and thoracic kyphosis in patients with cervical myelopathy: A retrospective observational study","volume":"22","author":"Takayuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-3019(02)00927-8","article-title":"Familial ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the thoracic spine: Case report","volume":"58","author":"Tanabe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1086\/378593","article-title":"Genomewide linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses identify COL6A1, on chromosome 21, as the locus for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"73","author":"Tanaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B142","first-page":"117","article-title":"Genetic study on ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"33","author":"Tanikawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2016.1188981","article-title":"Increased serum leptin and visfatin levels in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: A comparative study","volume":"46","author":"Tenti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198911000-00009","article-title":"Genetic studies on ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"14","author":"Terayama","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/31.8.569-b","article-title":"Two cases of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"31","author":"Tishler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12218","article-title":"Radiographic and MRI characteristics of lumbar disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis and spondylosis deformans in dogs","volume":"55","author":"Togni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"B147","first-page":"591","article-title":"DISH and ankylosing spondylitis. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Troise Rioda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000182318.47343.6d","article-title":"COL6A1, the candidate gene for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, is associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in Japanese","volume":"30","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181bb9865","article-title":"Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism mimicking diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"15","author":"Unverdi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90612-3","article-title":"A hereditary type of idiopathic articular chondrocalcinosis. Survey of a pedigree","volume":"56","author":"van der Korst","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-1966-1","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA gene predisposes individuals to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine via the smad signaling pathway","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200809020-00010","article-title":"Association between two polymorphisms of the bone morpho-genetic protein-2 gene with genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine and its severity","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0817-y","article-title":"Association of IL17RC and COL6A1 genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to ossification of the thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament in Chinese patients","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.8171","article-title":"Identification of susceptibility loci for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by whole-genome sequencing","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1826","article-title":"Loss of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 in mice leads to progressive ectopic mineralization of spinal tissues resembling diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in humans","volume":"28","author":"Warraich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.4238\/2014.March.17.7","article-title":"Whole exome sequencing implicates PTCH1 and COL17A1 genes in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine in Chinese patients","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270514","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of the cervical spine in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"27","author":"Williamson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1111-5","article-title":"The coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"28","author":"Wooten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.40.234","article-title":"Calcification of the cervical ligamentum flavum--case report","volume":"40","author":"Yamagami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"B160","first-page":"527","article-title":"Genetic study on OPLL in the cervical spine with HLA haplotype","volume":"65","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02570553","article-title":"Increased type XI collagen expression in the spinal hyperostotic mouse (TWY\/TWY)","volume":"48","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20123323","article-title":"A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene (109T > G) affects the Smad signaling pathway and the predisposition to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"126","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B163","first-page":"2341","article-title":"Linkage of three polymorphisms on chromosome 20p12 to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of spine and its severity in Han Chinese patients","volume":"123","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr054","article-title":"Human neuropathological and animal model evidence supporting a role for Fas-mediated apoptosis and inflammation in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"134","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1477788","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.987867\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T15:32:26Z","timestamp":1724945546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.987867\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"references-count":164,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2022.987867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.987867","relation":{"corrigendum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1477788","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"article-number":"987867"}}