{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:54:58Z","timestamp":1753890898574,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Genetic factors impact alcohol consumption and use disorder (AUD), with large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying numerous associated variants. Aggregate genetic methods in combination with important environmental factors (e.g., interpersonal trauma [IPT]) can be applied to expand our understanding of the ways by which genetic and environmental variables work together to influence alcohol consumption and disordered use. The present study aimed to detail the relationships between genome-wide polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol phenotypes (i.e., alcohol consumption and AUD status) and IPT exposure as well as the interaction between them across ancestry.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Data were drawn from the Spit for Science (S4S) study, a US college student population, where participants reported on IPT exposure prior to college and alcohol consumption and problems during college (N = 9,006; ancestry: 21.3% African [AFR], 12.5% Admixed Americas [AMR], 9.6% East Asian [EAS], 48.1% European [EUR], 8.6% South Asian [SAS]). Two trans-ancestry PGS were constructed, one for alcohol consumption and another for AUD, using large-scale GWAS summary statistics from multiple ancestries weighted using PRS-CSx. Regression models were applied to test for the presence of associations between alcohol-PGS and IPT main and interaction effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In the meta-analysis across ancestry groups, IPT exposure and PGS were significantly associated with alcohol consumption (\u03b2<jats:sub><jats:italic>IPT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.31, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>IPT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.0002; \u03b2<jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.09, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.004) and AUD (OR<jats:sub><jats:italic>IPT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 1.12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>IPT<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 3.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>; OR<jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 1.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.002). No statistically significant interactions were detected between IPT and sex nor between IPT and PGS. When inspecting ancestry specific results, the alcohol consumption-PGS and AUD-PGS were only statistically significant in the EUR ancestry group (\u03b2<jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.09, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.04; OR<jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 1.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>PGS<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.022, respectively).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> IPT exposure prior to college was strongly associated with alcohol outcomes in this college-age sample, which could be used as a preventative measure to identify students at high risk for problematic alcohol use. Additionally, results add to developing evidence of polygenic score association in meta-analyzed samples, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to increase ancestral representation in genetic studies and inclusive analytic approaches to increase the generalizability of results from genetic association studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1274381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T17:27:55Z","timestamp":1706894875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examining interactions between polygenic scores and interpersonal trauma exposure on alcohol consumption and use disorder in an ancestrally diverse college cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Sheerin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rowan K.","family":"O\u2019Hara-Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva E.","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailie","family":"Suarez-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Spit for Science Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Chatzinakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Prom-Wormley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roseann E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013","key":"B2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1590368","article-title":"DSM-5 substance use disorders among college-age young adults in the United States: prevalence, remission and treatment","volume":"68","author":"Arterberry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14712","article-title":"Polygenic risk for alcohol misuse is moderated by romantic partnerships","volume":"114","author":"Barr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2016\/2017 report on sexual violence\n            BasileK. C.\n            SmithS. G.\n            Marcie-JoK.\n            KhatiwadaS.\n            LeemisR. W.\n          2022"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.09.014","article-title":"Longitudinal investigation of interpersonal trauma exposure and alcohol use trajectories","volume":"53","author":"Berenz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.12.1429","article-title":"Mental health of college students and their non-college-attending peers: results from the national epidemiologic study on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"65","author":"Blanco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives General Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000457","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, interpersonal trauma, and drinking to cope with trauma-related distress: an auto-regressive, cross-lagged model","volume":"33","author":"Bountress","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2017.1422849","article-title":"Interpersonal trauma and physical health symptoms in college students: mediating effects of substance use and self-blame","volume":"23","author":"Boyraz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Loss Trauma"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1994.55.149","article-title":"A new, semi-structured psychiatric interview for use in genetic linkage studies: a report on the reliability of the SSAGA","volume":"55","author":"Bucholz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"For the ambulatory care quality improvement project (ACQUIP). The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking","volume":"158","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives Intern. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2010.71.742","article-title":"The college and noncollege experience: a review of the factors that influence drinking behavior in young adulthood","volume":"71","author":"Carter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","article-title":"Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.11.014","article-title":"Unique versus cumulative effects of physical and sexual assault on patterns of adolescent substance use","volume":"230","author":"Charak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12478","article-title":"Review: environmental influences on alcohol use: informing research on the joint effects of genes and the environment in diverse U.S. Populations","volume":"26","author":"Chartier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00835-0","article-title":"GWAS meets transcriptomics: from genetic letters to transcriptomic words of neuropsychiatric risk","volume":"46","author":"Chatzinakos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.153","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption and genetic overlap with other health-related traits in UK biobank (N=112 117)","volume":"22","author":"Clarke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(02)00514-7","article-title":"Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women","volume":"23","author":"Coker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1462824","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of PTSD among a college sample","volume":"67","author":"Cusack","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260502017006002","article-title":"Risky behaviors associated with interpersonal victimization: comparisons based on type, number, and characteristics of assault incidents","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-540","article-title":"Shape-IT: new rapid and accurate algorithm for haplotype inference","volume":"9","author":"Delaneau","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00047","article-title":"Spit for science: launching a longitudinal study of genetic and environmental influences on substance use and emotional health at a large US university","volume":"5","author":"Dick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"318","article-title":"The impact of gene-environment interaction on alcohol use disorders","volume":"34","author":"Dick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11112-0","article-title":"Analysis of polygenic risk score usage and performance in diverse human populations","volume":"10","author":"Duncan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023","article-title":"Sex and gender-related differences in alcohol use and its consequences: contemporary knowledge and future research considerations","volume":"156","author":"Erol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01074-2","article-title":"Development and validation of a trans-ancestry polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes in diverse populations","volume":"14","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.03.984","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of maximum habitual alcohol intake in >140,000 U.S. European and african American Veterans yields novel risk loci","volume":"86","author":"Gelernter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584","article-title":"Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III","volume":"72","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.05.018","article-title":"Alcohol consumption indices of genetic risk for alcohol dependence","volume":"66","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the life events checklist","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520913212","article-title":"Cumulative violence exposure and alcohol use among college students: adverse childhood experiences and dating violence","volume":"37","author":"Grest","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.04.014","article-title":"Random-effects model aimed at discovering associations in meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"88","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000164381.67723.76","article-title":"Patterns of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence criteria among adolescents and adults: results from the 2001 national household survey on drug abuse","volume":"29","author":"Harford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inf."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inf."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1088-0","article-title":"The national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC) waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings","volume":"50","author":"Hasin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.15288\/jsads.2009.s16.12","article-title":"Magnitude of and trends in alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18-24, 1998-2005","volume":"16","author":"Hingson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, Supplement"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.02.014","article-title":"Drinking beyond the binge threshold: predictors, consequences, and changes in the U.S","volume":"52","author":"Hingson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000529","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000529","article-title":"A flexible and accurate genotype imputation method for the next generation of genome-wide association studies","volume":"5","author":"Howie","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/s0376-8716(96)01315-4","article-title":"Prevalence and demographic correlates of symptoms of last year dependence on alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and cocaine in the U.S. Population","volume":"44","author":"Kandel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14082","article-title":"Is there a recent epidemic of women\u2019s drinking? A critical review of national studies","volume":"43","author":"Keyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006x.71.4.692","article-title":"Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse\/dependence, and comorbidity: results from the national survey of adolescents","volume":"71","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v054.i01","article-title":"Fitting additive binomial regression models with the R package blm","volume":"54","author":"Kovalchik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09480-8","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption and use disorder in 274,424 individuals from multiple populations","volume":"10","author":"Kranzler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14157","article-title":"Unpacking genetic risk pathways for college student alcohol consumption: the mediating role of impulsivity","volume":"43","author":"Ksinan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02029-2","article-title":"Gene-based polygenic risk scores analysis of alcohol use disorder in African Americans","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003208","article-title":"Childhood interpersonal violence and adult alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders: variation by race\/ethnicity?","volume":"48","author":"Meyers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"volume-title":"Monitoring the future national survey results on Drug use, 1975\u20132022: secondary school students","year":"2023","author":"Miech","key":"B48"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.08.003","article-title":"Gender differences in risk factors and consequences for alcohol use and problems","volume":"24","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.10.047","article-title":"Predictors and mental health outcomes of potentially traumatic event exposure","volume":"247","author":"Overstreet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-019-09958-7","article-title":"Systematic review of polygenic gene-environment interaction in Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use","volume":"49","author":"Pasman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020190","article-title":"Population structure and eigenanalysis","volume":"2","author":"Patterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12586","article-title":"The utility of empirically assigning ancestry groups in cross-population genetic studies of addiction","volume":"26","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.051","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies in ancestrally diverse populations: opportunities, methods, pitfalls, and recommendations","volume":"179","author":"Peterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000667","article-title":"Evidence of causal effect of major depression on alcohol dependence: findings from the psychiatric genomics consortium","volume":"49","author":"Polimanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1847","article-title":"Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies","volume":"38","author":"Price","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-018-0974-6","article-title":"Trajectories of college alcohol involvement and their associations with later alcohol use disorder symptoms","volume":"20","author":"Prince","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.040","article-title":"The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: a review","volume":"180","author":"Prom-Wormley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.622","article-title":"Alcohol use and related problems among college students and their noncollege peers: the competing roles of personality and peer influence","volume":"72","author":"Quinn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107452","article-title":"Prevalence of heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorder diagnosis among US college students: results from the national healthy minds study","volume":"135","author":"Ranker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"B62","unstructured":"The R project for statistical computing2023"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01054-7","article-title":"Improving polygenic prediction in ancestrally diverse populations","volume":"54","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.031","article-title":"2010 national and state costs of excessive alcohol consumption","volume":"49","author":"Sacks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000145","article-title":"The role of romantic relationship status in pathways of risk for emerging adult alcohol use","volume":"30","author":"Salvatore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"B66","unstructured":"FACTS on college student drinking2021"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.718","article-title":"Disentangling the complex association between childhood sexual abuse and alcohol-related problems: a review of methodological issues and approaches","volume":"69","author":"Sartor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05477-4","article-title":"Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use","volume":"612","author":"Saunders","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2688","article-title":"Association of mental disorders with subsequent chronic physical conditions: world mental health surveys from 17 countries","volume":"73","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/07347320802072131","article-title":"Alcohol and other drug use among college students: intimate partner violence and health-compromising behaviors","volume":"26","author":"Simons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol. Treat. Q."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.3.321","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders among US college students and their non-college-attending peers","volume":"62","author":"Slutske","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives General Psychiatry"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.4.530","article-title":"Do college students drink more than their non-college-attending peers? Evidence from a population-based longitudinal female twin study","volume":"113","author":"Slutske","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15490","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the moderating effects of romantic relationships on the associations between alcohol use and trauma in college students","volume":"116","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418000962","article-title":"Examining interactions between genetic risk for alcohol problems, peer deviance, and interpersonal traumatic events on trajectories of alcohol use disorder symptoms among African American college students","volume":"30","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15394","article-title":"An integrated map of structural variation in 2,504 human genomes","volume":"526","author":"Sudmant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation","volume":"526","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B76","article-title":"Criminal victimization, 2021","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJS Stat."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.6.959","article-title":"Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a quantitative review of 25 Years of research","volume":"132","author":"Tolin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002165","article-title":"The heritability of alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies","volume":"45","author":"Verhulst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02102949","article-title":"Prevalence of traumatic events and post-traumatic psychological symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students","volume":"7","author":"Vrana","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0275-1","article-title":"Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders","volume":"21","author":"Walters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2017.00030","article-title":"Molecular genetic influences on normative and problematic alcohol use in a population-based sample of college students","volume":"8","author":"Webb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.207","article-title":"Alcohol abuse in abused and neglected children followed-up: are they at increased risk?","volume":"56","author":"Widom","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.20.4.394","article-title":"Childhood victimization and illicit Drug use in middle adulthood","volume":"20","author":"Widom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq340","article-title":"METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans","volume":"26","author":"Willer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1080\/0003684032000090735","article-title":"Does alcohol consumption reduce human capital accumulation? Evidence from the college alcohol study","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Econ."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12295","article-title":"Research review: polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits","volume":"55","author":"Wray","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3049","article-title":"From basic science to clinical application of polygenic risk scores: a primer","volume":"78","author":"Wray","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.24.23284960","article-title":"Multi-ancestry study of the genetics of problematic alcohol use in >1 million individuals","author":"Zhou","year":"2023"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0643-5","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis of problematic alcohol use in 435,563 individuals yields insights into biology and relationships with other traits","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2023.1274381\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1706894885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2023.1274381\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2023.1274381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2023.1274381","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-8021"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"article-number":"1274381"}}