{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:25:46Z","timestamp":1791890746705,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and heart valve defects are the most common cardiac defect, accounting for over 25% of all congenital heart diseases. To date, more than 400 genes have been linked to CHD, the genetic analysis of CHD cases is crucial for both clinical management and etiological determination. Patients with autosomal-recessive variants of <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> are predisposed to Cardiac Valvular Dysplasia-1 (CVDP1), which predominantly affects the right-sided heart valves, including the pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral valves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Databases were utilized to predict the impact of the c.1062-59A&amp;gt;G variant on splicing. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Sanger sequencing, and TA clone sequencing were conducted on both the parents and the fetus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A compound heterozygous variation in the <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic>(NM_002662.5):c.1937G&amp;gt;C (p. G646A) from the father and <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic>(NM_002662.5):c.1062-59A&amp;gt;G from the mother, was identified and confirmed in the fetus. The c.1937G&amp;gt;C (p. G646A) and the c.1062-59A&amp;gt;G variants were all classified as variant of uncertain significance (VUS) per ACMG guidelines. RT-PCR and TA clone sequencing revealed a 76-bp intronic insertion and exon 11 skipping in the proband and her mother\u2019s transcripts, causing a frameshift and premature stop codon in <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic>. Consequently, after being informed about the risks of their variant of unknown significance (VUS), the couple chose pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) and had a healthy child.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study identified novel variants to expand the mutation spectrum of CHD and provided reliable evidence for the recurrent risk and reproductive care options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1498485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T06:10:25Z","timestamp":1730441425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prenatal detection of novel compound heterozygous variants of the PLD1 gene in a fetus with congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Linyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaxi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.88187","article-title":"Breaking enhancers to gain insights into developmental defects","volume":"12","author":"Armendariz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2147\/PGPM.S394120","article-title":"Detection of novel pathogenic variants in two families with recurrent fetal congenital heart defects","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmgenomics Pers. 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