{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:21:56Z","timestamp":1771924916840,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-204021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-204021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases induces somatic mutations that are highly prevalent in cancers, but the functional consequences remain largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine these consequences, we exposed MCF7 tumorigenic breast epithelial cells to APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B or APOBEC3H Haplotype I.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative analysis between cells pre and post \u2010APOBEC3 exposure revealed fewer deamination\u2010dependent \u03b3H2AX foci post\u2010APOBEC3 exposure, despite maintaining APOBEC3 protein expression. In a mouse xenograft model, high expressing, but not low expressing APOBEC3A\u2010exposed cells caused increased tumor progression. In contrast, high expressing, but not low expressing APOBEC3B\u2010exposed cells decreased tumor size. APOBEC3H Haplotype I\u2010exposed cells stochastically increased tumor progression independent of expression levels. Consistent with tumor data, RNA\u2010seq showed upregulation of tumor enhancing pathways only in cells that enhanced tumor progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that in a breast cancer xenograft model, APOBEC3A and APOBEC3H Haplotype I are more likely to contribute to enhanced tumor progression than APOBEC3B.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1425483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:10:07Z","timestamp":1769551807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential effects on tumor progression by APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3H Haplotype I in a breast cancer mouse xenograft model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Milaid","family":"Granadillo Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lai","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arzhang","family":"Shayeganmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Pellegrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick S.","family":"Vizeacoumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco J.","family":"Vizeacoumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]},{"name":"Cancer Research Department, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Helmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]},{"name":"Vaccinology and Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Chelico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan","place":["Saskatoon, SK, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00221","article-title":"Biochemical basis of APOBEC3 deoxycytidine deaminase activity on diverse DNA substrates","volume":"4","author":"Adolph","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Infect. 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