{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T20:49:29Z","timestamp":1780519769992,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) can occur in the same patient population, but the mechanism of co-occurrence remains unknown. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pSS and HT-related transcriptomic microarrays. Based on KEGG, PID, Reactome, and BioCarta enrichment analysis, pathway annotations were performed. A PPI network was developed using STRING. Betweenness, BottleNeck, MNC, Radiality EPC, and Stress topological analyses were performed to identify hub genes. Then, we used two more datasets to validate the key genes. Immune infiltration landscape of pSS and HT were profiled based on CIBERSORT, Xcell, MCPCounter, and EPIC. Correlation between T\/B cells and key genes was performed. Single gene GSEA analysis was performed to further explore enriched pathways of key genes. Finally, we predicted the drugs of key genes and the cross-talk genes targeted in the protein domain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 93 cross-talk genes were found. These genes were mainly related to the immune system. STAT1, CD8A, and PTPRC were identified as hub genes using six topological methods. STAT1 and PTPRC are considered key genes after <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> validation. STAT1 and PTPRC were linked to CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tcm and other immune cells in the pSS and HT dataset. GSEA analysis showed that STAT1 and PTPRC may play a role in pSS and HT through several pathways, including IFN\u03b3 response, IFN\u03b1 response, allograft rejection, E2F targets, complement, G2M checkpoint, IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, KRAS signaling up, IL2-STAT5 signaling, IL6-JAK-STAT3-signaling, and inflammatory response. Guttiferone K and picoplatin may be the candidate drugs for the treatment of pSS and HT. Cross-talk genes were mainly enriched in IGc1, MHCII\u03b1 and SCY.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed databases and gene expression data for pSS and HT. We identified two genes (STAT1, PTPRC) as potential biomarkers of disease activity in pSS and HT. We also gained new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with pSS and HT. Based on the key genes and cross-talk genes, we predicted potential drugs and protein domains for pSS and HT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1520332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:25:52Z","timestamp":1745904352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Potential common mechanisms between primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: a public databases-based study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shupin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zonghe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxia","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8709-9","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome and autoimmune thyroid disease: two sides of the same coin","volume":"56","author":"Anaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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