{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:48:30Z","timestamp":1771030110550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In molecular cytogenetics, fluorescence <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization (FISH) is the main technique used. In both research and diagnostics, FISH depends on well-defined and mapped DNA probes that produce brilliant signals with minimal background, visible in metaphases and\/or interphases. Such probes are either ready-to-use and commercially available or provided as unlabeled DNA. The latter can be obtained by flow sorting, microdissection, or by cloning DNA segments into appropriate bacterial vectors. Labeling can be done with either nonfluorescent or fluorescent haptens. According to international guidelines, such FISH probes must have a minimum shelf life, which is only between 2 and 3\u00a0years in human genetic diagnostics. The Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory reporting here has been purchasing, producing, using, and storing FISH probes since the 1990s. For this study, the available stock of approximately 25,000 labeled probes was screened. A total of 581 FISH probes, labeled and approved 1\u201330\u00a0years before reuse, were selected for this study; of these, 75 were commercially available probes labeled 1\u201320\u00a0years ago. All of these probes, stored in the dark at \u221220\u00b0C, worked perfectly well in the FISH method. Although only slight to no differences in exposure times were observed over the years for self-labeled homemade probes, commercial probes labeled with SpectrumOrange had shorter exposure times and maintained them over the years. DNA probes labeled with SpectrumAqua\/diethylaminocoumarin showed bright labeling for the first 3\u00a0years and then faded. Accordingly, it can be assumed that self-labeled homemade and commercial FISH probes can be stored stably in the dark and at \u221220\u00b0C for at least 30\u00a0years or longer. There is no need to test approved probes on a slide after the official expiry date. In practice, this suggests that a FISH probe tube that has been approved can be used in diagnostics until it is empty; there is no need to dispose of these expensive probes at any point due to their age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1569308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T05:46:49Z","timestamp":1748584009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hapten-labeled DNA probes can be stored and used in fluorescence in situ hybridization for decades"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Liehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Padutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Kankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Regulation - 2017\/746 - EN - medical device regulation - EUR-lex\n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.63.2.378","article-title":"Formation and detection of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules in cytological preparations","volume":"63","author":"Gall","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.6633","article-title":"Enzymatic synthesis of biotin-labeled polynucleotides: novel nucleic acid affinity probes","volume":"78","author":"Langer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-3919-4_32","article-title":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) - quality issues in molecular cytogenetics","volume-title":"Quality issues in clinical genetic services","author":"Liehr","year":"2010"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"101","article-title":"Homemade locus-specific FISH probes: bacterial artificial chromosomes","volume-title":"Fluorescence","author":"Liehr","year":"2017"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.37421\/JGENETGENOM.2020.4.112","article-title":"Is molecular cytogenetic diagnostics of rare diseases in Europe close to extinction","volume":"4","author":"Liehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Genet. Genom"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"Basics and literature on multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization application\n          \n          \n            \n              Liehr\n              T.\n            \n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.9.2934","article-title":"Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative, high sensitivity, fluorescence hybridization","volume":"83","author":"Pinkel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"27","article-title":"Optical filters and light sources for FISH","volume-title":"Fluorescence","author":"Sommerauer","year":"2017"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Background","volume-title":"Fluorescence","author":"Weise","year":"2017"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"63","article-title":"Generation of paint probes from flow-sorted and microdissected chromosomes","volume-title":"Fluorescence","author":"Yang","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2025.1569308\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T05:46:51Z","timestamp":1748584011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2025.1569308\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2025.1569308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2025.1569308","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"article-number":"1569308"}}