{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:02:15Z","timestamp":1790928135372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    X chromosome-wide association studies (XWAS) have identified susceptibility variants for various neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. The unique characteristics of the chromosome require more complex analytical approaches than standard genome-wide association studies. Over the past 2\u00a0decades, refined XWAS methods have better accounted for this biology. Given that many neurological diseases show sex-biased prevalence, XWAS offers a valuable framework for investigating sex-specific genetic contributions. This review summarizes published neurological XWAS (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 10), highlighting methodological approaches. Despite the challenges of genetic analyses for the X chromosome, XWAS remains a key approach for studying its role in disease mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1650259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T04:14:00Z","timestamp":1753848840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["X chromosome-wide association studies in neurological disorders: uncovering the hidden influence of the X chromosome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Step","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Peixoto","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa A.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Waldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Bardien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio F.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.12.011","article-title":"15 years of GWAS discovery: realizing the promise","volume":"110","author":"Abdellaoui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. 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