{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:29:54Z","timestamp":1768177794170,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305659\/2023-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305659\/2023-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1750113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T22:10:17Z","timestamp":1768169417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rethinking Parkinson\u2019s disease genetics in the precision medicine era: why genomic diversity matters?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Camilla Teixeira","family":"Pinheiro Gusm\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giselli","family":"Scaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Everton","family":"Ferreira de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Vicente Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus de Almeida","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Mehanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard Lopes","family":"Ribeiro Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.10.040","article-title":"Autosomal dominant parkinson's disease: incidence of mutations in LRRK2, SNCA, VPS35 and GBA genes in Brazil","volume":"635","author":"Abreu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104782","article-title":"Genetics of Parkinson's disease: an introspection of its journey towards precision medicine","volume":"137","author":"Bandres-Ciga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658636","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1658636","article-title":"The potential clinical and public health implications of presymptomatic genetic testing for transthyretin amyloidosis in African American\/black adults in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Bharaj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30287-X","article-title":"The genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease","volume":"19","author":"Blauwendraat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617106","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1617106","article-title":"Understanding Parkinson's disease: current trends and its multifaceted complications","volume":"17","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmd.2024.100024","article-title":"Common genetic variants associated with risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in Non-European populations: a PROSPERO registered systematic review based on genome-wide association studies","volume":"1","author":"Claudino dos Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"LabMed Discov."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01353-3","article-title":"Signaling pathways in Parkinson's disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Dong-Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01245-9","article-title":"Polygenic risk scores for disease risk prediction in Africa: current challenges and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Fatumo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28494","article-title":"GP2: the global parkinson's genetics program","volume":"36","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atg.2016.03.003","article-title":"Limited resources of genome sequencing in developing countries: challenges and solutions","volume":"10","author":"Helmy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Transl. Genom."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13050845","article-title":"Overview of the impact of pathogenic LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-02-00967-4","article-title":"Insights into ancestral diversity in Parkinson's disease risk: a comparative assessment of polygenic risk scores","volume":"11","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00933-0","article-title":"Prioritizing Parkinson's disease risk genes in genome-wide association loci","volume":"11","author":"Lange","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.08.25330815","article-title":"The global landscape of genetic variation in Parkinson's disease: multi-ancestry insights into established disease genes and their translational relevance","author":"Lange","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001391","article-title":"Recent advances in the genetics of Parkinson's disease in underrepresented populations","volume":"38","author":"Marconi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"23","article-title":"Parkinson's genetics research on underrepresented AfrAbia populations: current state and future prospects","volume":"12","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6001","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136001","article-title":"Common SNCA genetic variants and Parkinson's disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadl3564","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl3564","article-title":"Admixture's impact on Brazilian population evolution and health","volume":"388","author":"Nunes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0165-9","article-title":"The interplay of aging, genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Pang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26467","article-title":"Effect modification between genes and environment and Parkinson's Disease risk","volume":"92","author":"Peri\u00f1\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00608-8","article-title":"Analysis of rare Parkinson's disease variants in millions of people","volume":"10","author":"Pitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6465793","article-title":"Genetic profile, environmental exposure, and their interaction in Parkinson's disease","volume":"2016","author":"Polito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Park. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S307","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-230428","article-title":"Ethical considerations for identifying individuals in the prodromal\/early phase of Parkinson's disease: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Saffie-Awad","year":"","journal-title":"J. Park. Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00967-4","article-title":"Global Parkinsons genetics program (GP2). Insights into ancestral diversity in parkinsons disease risk: a comparative assessment of polygenic risk scores","volume":"11","author":"Saffie Awad","year":"2025"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29614","article-title":"Frequency of hereditary and GBA1-Related parkinsonism in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Saffie Awad","year":"","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X-anp-2020-0409","article-title":"Genetics of Parkinson's disease in Brazil: a systematic review of monogenic forms","volume":"79","author":"Santos-Lobato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29126","article-title":"Global Parkinson's genetics program (GP2). Underrepresented populations in Parkinson's genetics research: current landscape and future directions","volume":"37","author":"Schumacher-Schuh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54865-w","article-title":"Common genetic variants associated with Parkinson's disease display widespread signature of epigenetic plasticity","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00891-7","article-title":"Race and ethnicity matter! moving Parkinson's risk research towards diversity and inclusiveness","volume":"11","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e080952","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-080952","article-title":"Projections for prevalence of Parkinson's disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"388","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200213","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000200213","article-title":"Global perspectives on returning genetic research results in parkinson disease","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol. Genet."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2401857","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"391","author":"Tanner","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c09114","article-title":"Evolving landscape of parkinson\u2019s disease research: challenges and perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Tenchov","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417515","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1417515","article-title":"Emerging perspectives on precision therapy for Parkinson's disease: multidimensional evidence leading to a new breakthrough in personalized medicine","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2025.1750113\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T22:10:18Z","timestamp":1768169418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2025.1750113\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2025.1750113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2025.1750113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"article-number":"1750113"}}