{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:27:18Z","timestamp":1793039238721,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a complex polygenic disease where significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity do not explain all glaucoma cases, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms like epigenetics. This review examines the emerging role of key epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in glaucoma pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We discuss how aberrant DNA methylation (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>GDF7<\/jats:italic>\n                    hypomethylation\/\n                    <jats:italic>CDKN2B<\/jats:italic>\n                    hypermethylation) promotes trabecular meshwork fibrosis and increases optic nerve vulnerability, contributing to disease development and\/or progression. The\n                    <jats:italic>METTL23<\/jats:italic>\n                    histone methylation linked to retinal ganglion cell death at normal eye pressure, and disease-specific microRNA profiles further support the role of epigenetic involvement in glaucoma. The proof-of-concept studies of GDF7 neutralization in primate models and the OSK-factor reprogramming in aged and glaucoma mice models, show that epigenetic changes are reversible and can restore visual functions. DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks identify glaucoma as an accelerated molecular aging process. Although promising, the current evidences are largely preclinical and long-term human data are still lacking. Nonetheless, the inherent reversible nature of epigenetics offers significant translational potential. Methylation, epigenetic clocks, and circulating microRNA profiles could enable early, non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Future efforts are needed to validate biomarkers in large cohorts and develop targeted epigenetic therapies. In conclusion, epigenetics is redefining our current understanding of glaucoma from a pressure-based disease to a modifiable link between genes and environment paving the way for personalized care for vision preservation beyond pressure-lowering treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2026.1781271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T05:27:50Z","timestamp":1771824470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emerging role of epigenetic mechanisms in glaucoma and their translational potential"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Altaf A.","family":"Kondkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University-Research Center for Excellence in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahira","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University-Research Center for Excellence in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taif A.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University-Research Center for Excellence in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Al-Obeidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University-Research Center for Excellence in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28886","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226135","article-title":"An updated review on the genetics of primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Abu-Amero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37689","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37689","article-title":"Prevalence of risk factors among patients with glaucoma in jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Al-Manjoumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2017.00144","article-title":"Epigenetics in the eye: an overview of the Most relevant ocular diseases","volume":"8","author":"Alkozi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11686","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11686","article-title":"Epidemiology of glaucoma: the past, present, and predictions for the future","volume":"12","author":"Allison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7486","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14792","article-title":"Acetylation preserves retinal ganglion cell structure and function in a chronic model of ocular hypertension","volume":"55","author":"Alsarraf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"395","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and valproic acid delay spontaneous cell death in purified rat retinal ganglion cells","volume":"17","author":"Biermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101261","article-title":"Addressing neurodegeneration in glaucoma: mechanisms, challenges, and treatments","volume":"100","author":"Bou Ghanem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2017.1413659","article-title":"DNA methylation at the 9p21 glaucoma susceptibility locus is associated with normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"39","author":"Burdon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"483","article-title":"Differential DNA methylation patterns in human Schlemm\u2019s canal endothelial cells with glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.12.004","article-title":"Aqueous outflow - a continuum from trabecular meshwork to episcleral veins","volume":"57","author":"Carreon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9171536","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9171536","article-title":"DNA methylation status of the interspersed repetitive sequences for LINE-1, alu, HERV-E, and HERV-K in trabeculectomy specimens from glaucoma eyes","volume":"2018","author":"Chansangpetch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556712","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.556712","article-title":"Circular RNA expression profiling identifies glaucoma-related circular RNAs in various chronic ocular hypertension rat models","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4290-0_19","article-title":"A network biology-guided investigation of the long noncoding RNAs\u2019 role in glaucoma","volume":"2883","author":"Choudhari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol. Clifton N. J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08833-y","article-title":"Hypomethylation of thrombospondin-1 promoter region is associated with reduced aqueous humor flow","volume":"8","author":"Choy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13030725","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of chromatin functions by MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs and implications in human diseases","volume":"13","author":"Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11454-0_5","article-title":"Genetic studies on mammalian DNA methyltransferases","volume":"1389","author":"Dan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(1998)72:30\/31+<203::AID-JCB25>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Regulation and regulatory parameters of histone modifications","volume":"72","author":"Davie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl."},{"key":"B18","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Dietze","year":"2025"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14699","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914699","article-title":"miRNA studies in glaucoma: a comprehensive review of current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Dobrzycka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20366","article-title":"Environmental epigenomics in human health and disease","volume":"49","author":"Dolinoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy040","article-title":"Differentially expressed microRNAs in the aqueous humor of patients with exfoliation glaucoma or primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"27","author":"Drewry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060905","article-title":"Epigenetics in glaucoma","volume":"60","author":"D\u2019Esposito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Mex."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115633","article-title":"Role of epigenetic regulation in glaucoma","volume":"168","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1354569","article-title":"Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage","volume":"18","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Albarral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108349","article-title":"Differential lysyl oxidase like 1 expression in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is orchestrated via DNA methylation","volume":"201","author":"Greene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108909","article-title":"The role of microRNAs in glaucoma","volume":"215","author":"Greene","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109473","article-title":"Critical role of transcriptome-wide m6A methylation in the aqueous humor of patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma","volume":"231","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348840","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2024.2348840","article-title":"Role of N6-methyladenosine-related lncRnas in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma","volume":"19","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24878","article-title":"Identification of candidate miRNA biomarkers for glaucoma","volume":"60","author":"Hindle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24215","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24215","article-title":"Significance of the lncRNAs MALAT1 and ANRIL in occurrence and development of glaucoma","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00450-x","article-title":"The role of m6A modification in the biological functions and diseases","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2566496","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2025.2566496","article-title":"Identification of blood-derived DNA methylation biomarkers of glaucoma and intraocular pressure measurements in three European ancestry cohorts including the Canadian longitudinal study on aging","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2018.01.002","article-title":"DNA methylation in human diseases","volume":"5","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes. Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.2242.x","article-title":"Genomic (epigenetic) DNA methylation in patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"55","author":"Junemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.03.006","article-title":"Epigenetic control of heredity","volume":"198","author":"Kachhawaha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2023.194980","article-title":"Role of clusterin gene 3\u2019-UTR polymorphisms and promoter hypomethylation in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma","volume":"1866","author":"Kapuganti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1089\/cell.2023.0074","article-title":"Sustained vision recovery by OSK gene therapy in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"25","author":"Karg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Reprogr."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14027","article-title":"Pathogenesis of glaucoma: extracellular matrix dysfunction in the trabecular meshwork\u2010a review","volume":"50","author":"Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000177","article-title":"Update on the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and monitoring of normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia-Pac J. Ophthalmol. Phila Pa"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13081500","article-title":"MiR-18a-5p targets connective tissue growth factor expression and inhibits transforming growth factor \u03b22-Induced trabecular meshwork cell contractility","volume":"13","author":"Knox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14500","article-title":"Progress in translating glaucoma genetics into the clinic: a review","volume":"53","author":"Kolovos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12867-014-0025-1","article-title":"Downregulation of microRNA-100 protects apoptosis and promotes neuronal growth in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05214-z","article-title":"MicroRNAs in the aqueous humor of patients with different types of glaucoma","volume":"259","author":"Kosior-Jarecka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424956","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2424956","article-title":"Clinical role of epigenetics and network analysis in eye diseases: a translational science review","volume":"2019","author":"Lanza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01003-z","article-title":"Regulation of intraocular pressure by microRNA cluster miR-143\/145","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2019.4214","article-title":"Tetramethylpyrazine protects retinal ganglion cells against H2O2-induced damage via the microRNA-182\/mitochondrial pathway","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1576\/toag.12.1.037.27556","article-title":"DNA methylation: a form of epigenetic control of gene expression","volume":"12","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e163670","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163670","article-title":"Epigenetics in glaucoma: a link between DNA methylation and neurodegeneration","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26663","article-title":"Discovery and validation of circulating Hsa-miR-210-3p as a potential biomarker for primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2975-4","article-title":"Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision","volume":"588","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"2488","article-title":"Role of miR-29b on the regulation of the extracellular matrix in human trabecular meshwork cells under chronic oxidative stress","volume":"15","author":"Luna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6448","article-title":"Cross-talk between miR-29 and transforming growth factor-betas in trabecular meshwork cells","volume":"52","author":"Luna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51688","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051688","article-title":"Regulation of trabecular meshwork cell contraction and intraocular pressure by miR-200c","volume":"7","author":"Luna","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.338989","article-title":"MicroRNAs as biomarkers in glaucoma and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"17","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00566-8","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations","volume":"24","author":"Mattick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.034","article-title":"Accelerated epigenetic aging is associated with faster glaucoma progression: a DNA methylation study","volume":"132","author":"Medeiros","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e153589","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI153589","article-title":"METTL23 mutation alters histone H3R17 methylation in normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"132","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010472","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010472.pub3","article-title":"Device-modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.023","article-title":"CDKN2B-AS1 genotype-glaucoma feature correlations in primary open-angle glaucoma patients from the United States","volume":"155","author":"Pasquale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.10.001","article-title":"Reading m6A in the transcriptome: M6A-binding proteins","volume":"28","author":"Patil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-62","article-title":"Histone H4 deacetylation plays a critical role in early gene silencing during neuronal apoptosis","volume":"11","author":"Pelzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112227","article-title":"miRNAs and genes involved in the interplay between ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis networks","volume":"10","author":"Raga-Cervera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6784","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4730","article-title":"Dynamic patterns of histone lysine methylation in the developing retina","volume":"51","author":"Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s12177-012-9083-0","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of retinal development and disease","volume":"4","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Biol. Dis. Infor."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S254504","article-title":"Differential miRNA expression: signature for glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation","volume":"14","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol. Auckl N. Z."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7097","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30347","article-title":"Pathogenesis and prospects for therapeutic clinical application of noncoding RNAs in glaucoma: systematic perspectives","volume":"236","author":"Rong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.3829","article-title":"METTL23 variants and patients with normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"142","author":"Scheetz","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-39","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) plays an important role in retinal ganglion cell death after acute optic nerve injury","volume":"9","author":"Schmitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18750","article-title":"Epigenetic modification prevents excessive wound healing and scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery","volume":"57","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.01.096","article-title":"LINC00028 regulates the development of TGF\u03b21-treated human tenon capsule fibroblasts by targeting miR-204-5p","volume":"525","author":"Sui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052421","article-title":"Crosstalk between MicroRNA and oxidative stress in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"22","author":"Tabak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05089","article-title":"Profiles of extracellular miRNAs in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients assessed with a microarray system","volume":"4","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289952","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1289952","article-title":"Genetics and glaucoma: the state of the art","volume":"10","author":"Tirendi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052822","article-title":"Exploring epigenetic modifications as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in glaucoma","volume":"25","author":"Tonti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.12.030","article-title":"TET-Dependent GDF7 hypomethylation impairs aqueous humor outflow and serves as a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma","volume":"29","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B77","first-page":"3694","article-title":"MicroRNA-96 regulates RGC-5 cell growth through caspase-dependent apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101220","article-title":"Understanding the complex genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0597-7","article-title":"Targeting circular RNA-ZRANB1 for therapeutic intervention in retinal neurodegeneration","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2018_2639","article-title":"Circular and long non-coding RNAs and their role in ophthalmologic diseases","volume":"65","author":"Wawrzyniak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: a review","volume":"311","author":"Weinreb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9483e","article-title":"The cell and molecular biology of complex forms of glaucoma: updates on genetic, environmental, and epigenetic risk factors","volume":"53","author":"Wiggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.12.011","article-title":"Potential biomarkers for primary open-angle glaucoma identified by long noncoding RNA profiling in the aqueous humor","volume":"189","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5838","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16618","article-title":"LOXL1 hypermethylation in pseudoexfoliation syndrome in the uighur population","volume":"56","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11081301","article-title":"Emerging evidence of noncoding RNAs in bleb scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540945","article-title":"The interplay of histone modifications - writers that read","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05279-w","article-title":"The potential role of long noncoding RNAs in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"259","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15377","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015377","article-title":"The application of MicroRNAs in glaucoma research: a bibliometric and visualized analysis","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.114988","article-title":"Epigenetic orchestration of RNA m6A methylation in wound healing and post-wound events","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1829-1","article-title":"LncRNA NR_003923 promotes cell proliferation, migration, fibrosis, and autophagy via the miR-760\/miR-215-3p\/IL22RA1 axis in human Tenon\u2019s capsule fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109350","article-title":"MicroRNA-210-3p mediates trabecular meshwork extracellular matrix accumulation and ocular hypertension - implication for novel glaucoma therapy","volume":"227","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2019.111802","article-title":"Role of the long noncoding RNA H19 in TGF-\u03b21-induced Tenon\u2019s capsule fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition","volume":"387","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Cell. Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12010055","article-title":"Molecular genetics of glaucoma: subtype and ethnicity considerations","volume":"12","author":"Zukerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2026.1781271\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T05:27:52Z","timestamp":1771824472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2026.1781271\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2026.1781271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2026.1781271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"article-number":"1781271"}}