{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:20:27Z","timestamp":1787916027312,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depressive disorders (DD) are highly heterogeneous psychiatric illnesses. Their complex pathogenesis, coupled with suboptimal response rates to current clinical treatments, poses significant challenges to global mental health. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of DD at the transcriptomic level. This paper reviews recent advances utilizing bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to explore the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), perinatal depression (PND), perimenopausal depression (PMD), and post-stroke depression (PSD). Current evidence indicates that immune-inflammatory activation, impaired synaptic plasticity, and mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction constitute shared core pathological mechanisms across these disorders, validating classical pathogenic hypotheses at the molecular level. Furthermore, distinct clinical subtypes exhibit significant transcriptomic heterogeneity; for instance, MDD shows marked sexual dimorphism and immunophenotypic characteristics. Specific molecular pathways also distinguish different DD categories: PND and PMD mainly involve imbalances in neuroendocrine\u2013immune interaction networks driven by hormonal fluctuations, whereas PSD is characterized by the interaction between innate immune responses and autophagy flux impairment. Although RNA-seq has significantly advanced our understanding of DD, challenges such as restricted sample sources, high data heterogeneity, and insufficient clinical translation remain. Future research should prioritize single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to resolve tissue heterogeneity, promote multi-omics integration to construct causal regulatory networks, and strengthen cross-species comparative studies. These efforts will accelerate the development of precision diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2026.1792849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:06:51Z","timestamp":1787915211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Progress and challenges in exploring the pathogenesis of depressive disorders via RNA sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Boyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03068-z","article-title":"Differentially expressed transcripts associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"30","author":"Bj\u00f6rvang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.82","article-title":"Perimenopause as a neurological transition state","volume":"11","author":"Brinton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Reviews Endocrinology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.115","article-title":"Prevalence of suicidal ideation and planning in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of observation studies","volume":"293","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01712-0","article-title":"Whole blood transcriptional signatures associated with rapid antidepressant response to ketamine in patients with treatment resistant depression","volume":"12","author":"Cathomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073135","article-title":"Exploring male-specific synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder: a single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis using bioinformatics methods","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2019.4","article-title":"The classification and explanation of depression","volume":"36","author":"Clack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Change"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22651","article-title":"The role of family history of depression and the menopausal transition in the development of major depression in midlife women: study of women's health across the nation mental health study (SWAN MHS)","volume":"34","author":"Colvin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0881-8","article-title":"A survey of best practices for RNA-Seq data analysis","volume":"17","author":"Conesa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02048-6","article-title":"Systematic assessment of tissue dissociation and storage biases in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq workflows","volume":"21","author":"Denisenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830190015002","article-title":"A molecular and cellular theory of depression","volume":"54","author":"Duman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.013","article-title":"Effect of maternal postpartum depression on offspring's growth","volume":"228","author":"Far\u00edas-Ant\u00fanez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affective Disorders"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1629900","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key role of inflammatory and immune signaling in the anti-perimenopausal depression effects of Bushen Shugan Huayu decoction","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Ferrari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elu035","article-title":"Measuring differential gene expression with RNA-seq: challenges and strategies for data analysis","volume":"14","author":"Finotello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Briefings Functional Genomics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03370-y","article-title":"Music therapy as a preventive intervention for postpartum depression: modulation of synaptic plasticity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in a mouse model","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad6469","article-title":"Shared molecular neuropathology across major psychiatric disorders parallels polygenic overlap","volume":"359","author":"Gandal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0672-2","article-title":"The emotional-behavioural functioning of children exposed to maternal depressive symptoms across pregnancy and early childhood: a prospective Australian pregnancy cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Giallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.045743","article-title":"Risk of recurrent stroke and mortality among black and white patients with poststroke depression","volume":"55","author":"Gomberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.07.003","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing: technical advancements and biological applications","volume":"59","author":"Hedlund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Medicine"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32408-5","article-title":"Reducing the global burden of depression: a Lancet\u2013world psychiatric association commission","volume":"393","author":"Herrman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2024.100643","article-title":"Cross-species analysis uncovers the mitochondrial stress response in the hippocampus as a shared mechanism in mouse early life stress and human depression","volume":"31","author":"Hofstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions","volume":"22","author":"Howard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.03.023","article-title":"Sex-specific role for the long non-coding RNA LINC00473 in depression","volume":"106","author":"Issler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00898-7","article-title":"miR-34b-3p inhibition of eIF4E causes post-stroke depression in adult mice","volume":"39","author":"Ke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106549","article-title":"The three-step theory of suicide: description, evidence, and some useful points of clarification","volume":"152","author":"Klonsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.04.036","article-title":"Association of depression and cardiovascular disease","volume":"136","author":"Krittanawong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01130-5","article-title":"Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, anxiety, and depression","volume":"11","author":"Kupcova","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4386","article-title":"Sex-specific transcriptional signatures in human depression","volume":"23","author":"Labont\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00146-0","article-title":"From bulk, single-cell to spatial RNA sequencing","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02787-6","article-title":"Downregulation of CRTC1 is involved in CUMS-induced depression-like behavior in the hippocampus and its RNA sequencing analysis","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000002088","article-title":"Electroacupuncture attenuates depressive-like behaviors in poststroke depression mice through promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 signaling pathway","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.09.029","article-title":"Epigenetic insight into the suicidal biomarker of depression with suicide ideation: a narrative review","volume":"560","author":"Ling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119879","article-title":"Bidirectional causal relationship between depression and type 2 diabetes: a multi-ancestry and sex stratified mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"390","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5427","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155427","article-title":"Maternal-infant bonding and its relationships with maternal depressive symptoms, stress and anxiety in the early postpartum period in a Polish sample","volume":"17","author":"Lutkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.11.017","article-title":"Altered neuro-inflammatory gene expression in hippocampus in major depressive disorder","volume":"82","author":"Mahajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38530-5","article-title":"Cell type specific transcriptomic differences in depression show similar patterns between males and females but implicate distinct cell types and genes","volume":"14","author":"Maitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.27099.mensocrec","article-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression: summary and recommendations","volume":"28","author":"Maki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Women's Health"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab232","article-title":"Prenatal stress, anxiety and depression alter transcripts, proteins and pathways associated with immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface\u2020","volume":"106","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01270-5","article-title":"Genome-wide gene expression changes in postpartum depression point towards an altered immune landscape","volume":"11","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","article-title":"The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01549-1","article-title":"The association between sexual function and body image among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Nazarpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450708","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1450708","article-title":"Intron retention as an excellent marker for diagnosing depression and for discovering new potential pathways for drug intervention","volume":"15","author":"Okada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-025-00161-7","article-title":"Intron retention: a novel method for evaluating the response to ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"4","author":"Okada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Ment. Health Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28509-4","article-title":"Gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postpartum depression patients","volume":"8","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.130","article-title":"Whole-transcriptome brain expression and exon-usage profiling in major depression and suicide: evidence for altered glial, endothelial and ATPase activity","volume":"22","author":"Pantazatos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.76","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing to explore immune cell heterogeneity","volume":"18","author":"Papalexi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.06.006","article-title":"The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments","volume":"31","author":"Pariante","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.12.001","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in postpartum depression","volume":"52","author":"Payne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7774","article-title":"Retrospective follow-up analysis of the transcriptomic patterns of cytokines, cytokine receptors and chemokines at preconception and during pregnancy, in women with post-partum depression","volume":"18","author":"Petralia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2027061","article-title":"Differential expression analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs in the mouse hippocampus of post-stroke depression (PSD) based on transcriptome sequencing","volume":"13","author":"Qinlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.29.227355","article-title":"Single-nuclei transcriptomics of schizophrenia prefrontal cortex primarily implicates neuronal subtypes","author":"Reiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15030363","article-title":"Post-stroke depression: a review","volume":"173","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00860-x","article-title":"In vitro model of perimenopausal depression implicates steroid metabolic and proinflammatory genes","volume":"26","author":"Rudzinskas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.06.20225342","article-title":"Single-cell dissection of schizophrenia reveals neurodevelopmental-synaptic axis and transcriptional resilience","author":"Ruzicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0045-2","article-title":"Barcoded solid-phase RNA capture for spatial transcriptomics profiling in Mammalian tissue sections","volume":"13","author":"Salm\u00e9n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02736-w","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiles in major depressive disorder: the role of immunometabolic and cell-cycle-related pathways in depression with different levels of inflammation","volume":"30","author":"Sforzini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106103","article-title":"Blood transcriptomic analysis reveals a distinct molecular subtype of treatment resistant depression compared to non-treatment resistant depression","volume":"130","author":"Sir\u00e9s","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745506519844044","DOI":"10.1177\/1745506519844044","article-title":"Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: a systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Slomian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women's Health"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab446","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing of human midbrain reveals glial activation and a Parkinson-specific neuronal state","volume":"145","author":"Smaji\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(91)90272-z","article-title":"The macrophage theory of depression","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0047-z","article-title":"Genome-wide pathway analysis in major depressive disorder","volume":"51","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988648","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.988648","article-title":"The treatment of depression - searching for new ideas","volume":"13","author":"Stachowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.jmh_18_22","article-title":"Menopause and sleep disorders","volume":"13","author":"Tandon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mid-life Health"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav8130","article-title":"Single-cell genomics identifies cell type\u2013specific molecular changes in autism","volume":"364","author":"Velmeshev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03497-y","article-title":"Recent developments in omics studies and artificial intelligence in depression and suicide","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2484","article-title":"RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Reviews Genetics"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2025.2501250","article-title":"Perimenopausal depression: etiology, clinical characteristics, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85431-2","article-title":"Identification of blood transcriptome modules associated with suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2022.151886","article-title":"Transcriptomic changes in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized mice: data from RNA-seq analysis","volume":"241","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907034","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.907034","article-title":"A whole transcriptome analysis in peripheral blood suggests that energy metabolism and inflammation are involved in major depressive disorder","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.08.002","article-title":"The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression: history, evaluation and usage","volume":"6","author":"Willner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.87","article-title":"Onset timing, thoughts of self-harm, and diagnoses in postpartum women with screen-positive depression findings","volume":"70","author":"Wisner","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.003","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression","volume":"219","author":"Woody","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"B77","volume-title":"Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates","year":"2017"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147647","article-title":"Beneficial effects of dendrobium nobile lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) on anxiety and depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress in rats","volume":"1771","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.06.003","article-title":"HMGB1\/STAT3\/p65 axis drives microglial activation and autophagy exert a crucial role in chronic stress-induced major depressive disorder","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00697-4","article-title":"Restoring Wnt signaling in a hormone-simulated postpartum depression model remediated imbalanced neurotransmission and depressive-like behaviors","volume":"29","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01159-9","article-title":"Molecular pathology associated with altered synaptic transcriptome in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed subjects","volume":"11","author":"Yoshino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844422","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.844422","article-title":"Peripheral blood circular RNAs as a biomarker for major depressive disorder and prediction of possible pathways","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146620","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1146620","article-title":"Machine learning algorithms assisted identification of post-stroke depression associated biological features","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20200672","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200672","article-title":"LncRNA Gm14205 induces astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome activation via inhibiting oxytocin receptor in postpartum depression","volume":"40","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.01.023","article-title":"Comparative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing methods","volume":"65","author":"Ziegenhain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E346","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00165.2023","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing provides insights into the landscape of ovary in PCOS and alterations induced by CUMS","volume":"325","author":"Zuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112141-20210115-00022","article-title":"\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5987\u4ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u4f1a\u4ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u7ec4: \u56f4\u4ea7\u671f\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7b5b\u67e5\u4e0e\u8bca\u6cbb\u4e13\u5bb6\u5171\u8bc6","volume":"56","year":"2021","journal-title":"\u4e2d\u534e\u5987\u4ea7\u79d1\u6742\u5fd7"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2026.1792849\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:06:53Z","timestamp":1787915213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgene.2026.1792849\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgene.2026.1792849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2026.1792849","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-8021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-8021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"article-number":"1792849"}}