{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:10:49Z","timestamp":1789168249992,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Genet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Smilax glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a perennial vine with high pharmaceutical value, exhibits seed dormancy under natural conditions that severely restricts artificial propagation and industrial-scale cultivation. This study aims to systematically investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying temperature-stratification-induced (25\u00a0\u00b0C\/4\u00a0\u00b0C) dormancy release in\n                    <jats:italic>S. glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    seeds, providing a scientific basis for optimizing seed propagation protocols. In this study, ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV) was employed to monitor the dynamic variations in soluble sugars, starch, soluble protein content, and enzymatic activities (including phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)) during temperature stratification (25\u00a0\u00b0C\/4\u00a0\u00b0C) of\n                    <jats:italic>S. glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    seeds. Additionally, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS) and RNA-seq were integrated to systematically characterize the phytohormone metabolic profiles and molecular biological mechanisms underlying seed stratification. The results demonstrated that alternating temperatures of 25\u00a0\u00b0C\/4\u00a0\u00b0C effectively broke seed dormancy. During the dormancy release process, seeds consumed soluble proteins and starch, while starch-degrading genes (\n                    <jats:italic>AMY<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>BAM<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were significantly upregulated to drive starch conversion into soluble sugars. Meanwhile, PGI activity exhibited a marked decrease, while MDH and G6PDH activities showed overall upward trends. At the hormone metabolism level, downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>NCED<\/jats:italic>\n                    and upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>CYP707A<\/jats:italic>\n                    synergistically reduced ABA levels, while upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>GA20ox<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>KAO<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoted GA biosynthesis; downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>DELLA<\/jats:italic>\n                    protein-encoding genes relieved GA signal suppression, collectively forming the \u201cABA decline-GA rise\u201d hormonal balance shift that drives seed germination. Simultaneously, JA biosynthesis genes\n                    <jats:italic>LOX2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>AOS<\/jats:italic>\n                    were upregulated, leading to OPDA accumulation, but OPDA was not converted into JA. Furthermore, the upregulation of the negative regulator\n                    <jats:italic>JAZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    blocked JA signal transduction, thereby relieving JA-mediated inhibition of germination. This study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying 25\u00a0\u00b0C\/4\u00a0\u00b0C temperature-stratification-mediated dormancy release in\n                    <jats:italic>S. glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    seeds through integrated physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional analyses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2026.1814199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:10:14Z","timestamp":1777587014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying Smilax glabra seed dormancy release"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Haidi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danhong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deqing Forest Farm of Guangdong Province","place":["Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Production and Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Experimental Station of Guangzhou, Chinese Material Medica, China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21-16)","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Production and Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Experimental Station of Guangzhou, Chinese Material Medica, China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21-16)","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.03.011","article-title":"Updated role of ABA in seed maturation, dormancy, and germination","volume":"35","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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