{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T07:24:03Z","timestamp":1774682643579,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Glob. Womens Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause a wide range of public health problems if left untreated. They can lead to adverse birth outcomes, including stillbirth, fetal loss, neonatal death, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Although great efforts have been made to reduce STIs nationally, their incidence remains high in Ethiopia, and their co-infection calls for urgent action. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of three STIs among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in the context of the elimination of mother-to-child transmission in public health facilities in Sawla Town, Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study design was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Sawla Town, Southern Ethiopia, from May to July 2022. Data were collected from pregnant women\u2019s serum using an HIV rapid test, an HBsAg rapid test device, and a VDRL for HIV, HBV, and syphilis, respectively. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, were used to describe each relevant variable. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of STIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 484 pregnant women attending antenatal care were screened. The mean age of the women was 24.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 years, and nearly half of the participants had completed secondary school or higher. The overall seroprevalence of three STIs (HIV, HBV, and syphilis) among pregnant women was 6.8%. These three sexually transmitted infections were shown to be more common among pregnant women who were not able to read and write, had tattoos, had previously had an abortion, and had a history of multiple sexual partners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The seroprevalence found in this study was intermediate in comparison with the WHO standard. Efforts should be made to strengthen the existing health education and RH service integration on STI screening, and treatment that further eliminates vertical infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1190170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T13:52:32Z","timestamp":1687182752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Triple sexually transmitted infections among pregnant woman in the context of Elimination of mother to child transmission in Southern Ethiopia: Reports from a survey of questionnaires and laboratory studies."],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Eskinder","family":"Israel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iskindir","family":"Hizkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Temesgen","family":"Geta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tihun","family":"Feleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beniyam","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desta","family":"Markos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.107623","article-title":"Untreated maternal syphilis and adverse outcomes of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Gomez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull W H O"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted infections: Evidence brief","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060432","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of HBsAg and HIV and HCV antibodies among people who inject drugs and female sex workers","volume":"9","author":"Rashti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.06.013","article-title":"Hepatitis B\/C and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: an association between highly prevalent infectious diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Barth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221095411","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Eleje","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.17449","article-title":"Nucleic acid-based approaches for detection of viral hepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Behzadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"B7","author":"Karami","year":"2006"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0903778","article-title":"Persistent carriage of hepatitis E virus in patients with HIV infection","volume":"361","author":"Dalton","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"855","article-title":"HIV\/HBV co-infections: epidemiology, natural history, and treatment: a review article","volume":"13","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160274","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0274","article-title":"Viral hepatitis and liver cancer","volume":"372","author":"Ringehan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0691-z","article-title":"Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic of Gondar family guidance association, northwest Ethiopia: implication for prevention of mother to child transmission","volume":"16","author":"Biadgo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1201796","article-title":"HIV\u2013HBV coinfection\u2014a global challenge","volume":"366","author":"Kourtis","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000244206.41500.27","article-title":"Maternal syphilis infection is associated with an increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Malawi","volume":"20","author":"Mwapasa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2017","year":"2019"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.5172\/hesr.2012.21.3.258","article-title":"At special risk: biopolitical vulnerability and HIV\/STI syndemics among women","volume":"21","author":"Ostrach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Sociol Rev"},{"key":"B16","year":"2017"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"Progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections 2019: accountability for the global health sector strategies, 2016\u20132021","year":"2019"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz037","article-title":"Integrated approach for triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis is highly effective and cost-effective: an economic evaluation","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000460","article-title":"Prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women in low and middle-income countries from 2010 to 2015: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Davey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.009","article-title":"Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (HIV, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus type 2, and syphilis) in pregnant women in Ethiopia: trends over 10 years (2005\u20132014)","volume":"79","author":"Kassa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2011 Report. Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2011, central statistical agency Addis Ababa Ethiopia ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA","volume":"2016","year":"2012"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269250","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269250","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus and\/or hepatitis C virus infections among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Kenfack-Momo","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4486-1","article-title":"An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Yazie","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2702-x","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and factors associated among pregnant women in Dawuro zone, SNNPR, southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Chernet","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4562385","article-title":"Prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Hussen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"The hidden epidemic: confronting sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Butler","year":"1997"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.01.003","article-title":"The UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a great business","volume":"69","author":"Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-015-0098-8","article-title":"Health in the sustainable development goals: ready for a paradigm shift?","volume":"11","author":"Buse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the importance of a renewed commitment to STI prevention and control in achieving global sexual and reproductive health","year":"2013"},{"key":"B30","article-title":"Fissehatsion, Kinfe. Seroprevalance and Riskfactors for HBV, HIV and Syphils infection among pregnant woman at Ghandi memorial hospital, Adiss Ababa, Ethiopia. Retrieved from AAU Institutional repository","year":"2014"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9290163","article-title":"Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in Arba Minch hospital, south Ethiopia","volume":"2016","author":"Yohanes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepat Res Treat"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-2998-8","article-title":"High seroprevalence of syphilis infection among pregnant women in Yiregalem hospital southern Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"Amsalu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S81481","article-title":"Magnitude of HIV and syphilis seroprevalence among pregnant women in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","author":"Melku","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS-Res Palliat Care"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajbls.20180603.14","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of syphilis and HIV and associated factors in pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Debre Berhan public health institutions, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Zinabie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-012-0164-6","article-title":"Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (HIV, hepatitis B, herpes simplex type 2 and syphilis) among asymptomatic pregnant women","volume":"62","author":"Jindal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obstet GynecolIndia"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0848-5","article-title":"Seroprevalence of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections among pregnant women who attend the University of Gondar teaching hospital, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Endris","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B37","author":"Nuru","year":"2020"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"82","article-title":"HIV Prevalence and trends among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria: a 5-year analysis","volume":"32","author":"Agboghoroma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4220-z","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus and associated factors among pregnant women in gambella hospital, south western Ethiopia: facility based cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Tanga","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S280806","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women presented to antenatal care clinics at Adigrat general hospital in northern Ethiopia","author":"Kinfe H","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.172555","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among pregnant Nigerian women","volume":"15","author":"Aba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0232208","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232208","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women at korle-bu teaching hospital, Ghana","volume":"15","author":"Dortey","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B43","article-title":"Prevalence, awareness and risk factors associated with hepatitis B infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Mbagathi district hospital in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"24","author":"Ngaira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v16i1.2","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among antenatal clinic attendees at a tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"16","author":"Rashid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanzan J Health Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0172102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172102","article-title":"Prevalence of maternal HIV infection and knowledge on mother\u2013to\u2013child transmission of HIV and its prevention among antenatal care attendees in a rural area in northwest Cameroon","volume":"12","author":"Sama","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4106-6","article-title":"Seroprevalence of syphilis and its risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Felege hiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Tareke","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B47","year":"2021"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624211013670","article-title":"Educational level and risk of sexually transmitted infections among clients of Dutch sexual health centres","volume":"32","author":"Slurink","year":"2021","journal-title":"IntJ STD AIDS"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0262990","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262990","article-title":"Increased prevalence of transfusion-transmitted diseases among people with tattoos: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(01)90045-1","article-title":"Tattoos as risk factors for transfusion-transmitted diseases","volume":"5","author":"Nishioka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B51","author":"Gogolishvili","year":"2012"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2015.1022811","article-title":"Multiple abortions and sexually transmitted infections among young migrant women working in entertainment venues in China","volume":"55","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.3.e3","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk indicators for STIs among women seeking induced abortions in two urban family planning clinics in Shandong province, People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"78","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-6-4","article-title":"Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women with known HIV status in northern Tanzania","volume":"6","author":"Msuya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-118","article-title":"Sero-prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Zenebe","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0429-z","article-title":"Sero-conversion rate of syphilis and HIV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Tanzania: a need for re-screening at delivery","volume":"15","author":"Lawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Global Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1190170\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T13:52:42Z","timestamp":1687182762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1190170\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1190170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1190170","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-5059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-5059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"article-number":"1190170"}}