{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:23:01Z","timestamp":1790202181950,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dnr 019-03822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 019-03822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Glob. Women\u2019s Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emerging evidence is raising alarms that technology facilitated gender-based violence (TF-GBV) is a growing public health concern with impacts on child wellbeing, yet little research on the topic has been conducted in middle-income country settings. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TF-GBV, other GBV, and their association with common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms among adolescent girls in South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trained enumerators facilitated surveys on exposure to physical and sexual violence with adolescent girls aged 10\u201319 from 14 low-income primary and secondary public schools. An index of TF-GBV assessed past-year exposure to acts such as public posting of sexual photos. CMD screening used Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 tools. Generalized estimating equations assessed associations between violence (TF-GBV, other GBV, or both) and CMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,540 adolescent girls participated in the study. Most participants identified as Black (84%). CMD symptoms were more prevalent among girls in secondary school (37%) than primary school (10%). All forms of past-year GBV were more prevalent among secondary school girls, including TF-GBV (43% vs. 11% in primary school girls). Exposure to both TF-GBV and other forms of GBV were significantly associated with a 3.68 times higher risk of CMD (aRR\u2009=\u20093.68, 95% CI 2.42\u20135.62) after adjusting for demographics and partnership status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings underscore the need for targeted content to address TF-GBV within existing GBV programs, and its impact on mental health among adolescent girls in similar contexts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1546901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T11:10:48Z","timestamp":1757416248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of technology facilitated and other gender-based violence among adolescent girls in Gqeberha, South Africa and its association with probable common mental disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Miriam Aviva","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shepherd","family":"Mutangabende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience","family":"Mungwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Stotesbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataly","family":"Woollett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"K\u00e5gesten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah T.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbey","family":"Hatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Technology-facilitated gender-based violence: What is it, and how do we measure it?","author":"Hinson","year":"2018"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.19088\/K4D.2021.140","article-title":"Global Evidence on the Prevalence and Impact of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV)","author":"Hicks","year":"2021"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Free to be online? 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