{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T11:22:21Z","timestamp":1768216941524,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Glob. Women\u2019s Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the WHO, violence is the intentional use of force or power against oneself, another person, or a community, causing injury, death, or harm. National data from 2021 reveal that as many as 70.1% of women in Mexico have experienced some form of violence. Pregnancy represents a period of heightened vulnerability, with negative impacts on material and infant health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on women during the immediate postpartum period. Domestic violence was assessed using the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) scale, the Affective Bonding and Prenatal Adjustment Assessment Scale survey, and postpartum depression was evaluated through the\n                      <jats:italic>Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (<\/jats:italic>\n                      CES-D) scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four hundred women were included using the short version of the WAST scale, with 31.5% (126) testing positive for the screening questions. Women who experienced abuse showed higher odds of postpartum depression (OR\u2009=\u20092.95; 95% IC: 1.87\u20134.63;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000) and tobacco use (OR\u2009=\u20092.28; 95% IC: 1.31\u20133.94;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). Adverse perinatal effects, such as preterm delivery (35.7%), admission to intensive care (40.5%), and low birth weight (19.8%), were frequent but without statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-third of the pregnant women in the study suffered intimate partner violence, mainly psychological and economic. Unwanted pregnancy, lack of emotional bonding, postpartum depression, alcohol\/smoking, and low education levels were frequent factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1557543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:08:37Z","timestamp":1768205317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between domestic violence and psychosomatic symptoms and health behaviors during pregnancy and the puerperium: a comparative cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ana Bertha","family":"Zavalza-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Meza-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio Jiram","family":"V\u00e1zquez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelin","family":"Castillo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha Emily","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathia Dayana","family":"Morf\u00edn Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabino","family":"Cervantes-Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Cervantes-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sol","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea Socorro","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Villase\u00f1or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Olivia","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Castillo Cardiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clotilde","family":"Fuentes-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramirez Velazquez","family":"Alejandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2025"},{"key":"B2","year":"2024"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.29063\/ajrh2021\/v25i4.1","article-title":"Intimate partner violence: a global challenge to sustainable development","volume":"25","author":"Ntoimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11030419","article-title":"Violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico","volume":"11","author":"Rivera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"B5","year":"2025"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.12.011","article-title":"Domestic violence and its effects on women, children, and families","volume":"68","author":"Walker-Descartes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504270690","article-title":"Beyond PTSD: mental health consequences of violence against women: a response to Briere and Jordan","volume":"19","author":"Mechanic","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e037522","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037522","article-title":"Violence against women during pregnancy and postpartum period: a mixed methods study protocol","volume":"10","author":"Del Risco","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-021-01463-4","article-title":"Domestic violence during pregnancy: evaluating the impact on maternal and perinatal health\u2014a pilot study in Uttar Pradesh","volume":"71","author":"Khatoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1108\/IJHRH-08-2019-0067","article-title":"Adverse perinatal outcomes of intimate partner violence during pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Afkhamzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hum Rights Healthc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.03.020","article-title":"Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and early offspring development: a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.07.045","article-title":"Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of fetal and neonatal death: a meta-analysis with socioeconomic context indicators","volume":"222","author":"Pastor-Moreno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2023.101871","article-title":"Maternal-infant bonding and partner support during pregnancy and postpartum: associations with early child social-emotional development","volume":"72","author":"de Waal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infant Behav Dev"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14090773","article-title":"Maternal perinatal depression, alexithymia, and couple functioning: which relationship exists with prenatal attachment","volume":"14","author":"Mangialavori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2020.102824","article-title":"Becoming a mother: predicting early dissatisfaction with motherhood at three weeks postpartum","volume":"91","author":"G\u00f6bel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3390\/children10030421","article-title":"The mother-baby bond: role of past and current relationships","volume":"10","author":"Biancardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2022.2103525","article-title":"What tools should be used to identify women in need of additional support in pregnancy?","volume":"42","author":"Insua-Summerhays","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"422","article-title":"Development of the woman abuse screening tool for use in family practice","volume":"28","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1891\/vv-2024-0079","article-title":"Evidence of internal structure validity, measurement invariance, convergent validity, clinical validity, and reliability of the woman abuse screening tool in Peruvian women","volume":"40","author":"Aiquipa-Tello","year":"2025","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2021.28.2.2","article-title":"A step-by-step process on sample size determination for medical research","volume":"28","author":"Bujang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"101","article-title":"Screening for abuse in Spanish-speaking women","volume":"15","author":"Fogarty","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2019.04.006","article-title":"Validation of the short version of the woman abuse screening tool (WAST) in the general population","volume":"34","author":"Pichiule","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gac Sanit"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5897\/JAHR2023.0561","article-title":"Validation of women abuse screening tool (WAST-S) in the Mozambique national health service (significance for HIV prevention and ART treatment adherence): a quasi-experimental crossover study","volume":"15","author":"Matavel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J AIDS HIV Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4321\/S1132-12962008000200012","article-title":"The EVAP scale (evaluation of affective bonding and prenatal adaptation)","volume":"17","author":"Lafuente","year":"2008","journal-title":"A Pilot Study Index Enferm"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.15381\/rinvp.v21i2.15827","article-title":"Evidence of validity of the scale for the evaluation of the affective bond and the prenatal adaptation (EVAP) in users of 1the INMP","volume":"21","author":"Artica -Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Investig Psicolo"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03206-1","article-title":"A systematic review of the latent structure of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) amongst adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Blodgett","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114037","article-title":"How useful is the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale in screening for depression in adults? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"302","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B28","year":"2021"},{"key":"B29","year":"2023"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6619-2","article-title":"Prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence amongst clinical populations in arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Hawcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231155529","article-title":"Global prevalence and mental health outcomes of intimate partner violence among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"White","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"e202006051","article-title":"Violencia en mujeres embarazas por parte de su pareja \u00edntima: factores predisponentes","volume":"94","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Galiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Esp Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.4067\/s0034-98872021000400543","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with partner violence among pregnant and puerperal women in Santiago","volume":"149","author":"Mella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chile Rev Med Chile"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2023.103815","article-title":"The impact of intimate partner violence on adverse birth outcomes in public health facilities. A prospective cohort study","volume":"126","author":"Wassie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-08209-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-04078-3","article-title":"Risk factors for perinatal intimate partner violence: a global systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4641343","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4641343","article-title":"Determinants of intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2022","author":"Bifftu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Rest Int"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Global Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1557543\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:08:39Z","timestamp":1768205319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1557543\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1557543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1557543","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-5059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-5059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"article-number":"1557543"}}